Program management, as a distinct role, did not exist in early project management practices. Projects were typically managed by individuals or leaders who oversaw all aspects of a project. As organizations started to realize the interdependencies among multiple projects, the concept of program management gained prominence. Program management involves coordinating and managing a group of related projects to achieve strategic objectives that individual projects cannot accomplish on their own.
In program management, the program manager leads, directs, manages and aligns the sub projects to the program's goals and objectives. A program manager is a project management professional who manages multiple interrelated projects. A program consists of various sub projects that work in tandem so as to achieve the overall program goals and objectives. In the post below, we will look in detail at the role of a program manager, their responsibilities, skills required to become a program manager and more.
Who is a Program Manager?
A program manager is the strategic leader who leads and directs multiple interconnected projects. They are senior management leaders who are responsible for creating the program structure and the key deliverables. A program consists of multiple projects of various sizes and budgets that are linked to the program and have a common objective.
As a program manager, the individual is involved in planning, execution and monitoring of the program. Program manager roles and responsibilities include allocating budgets and resources to the projects. Also, they set the program governance in order to keep every aspect of the project under standard policies and guidelines.
What Does a Program Manager Do?
A program manager is the top-line leader in the hierarchy who reports to the project director. They work closely with the senior management in building strategies and making effective decisions on business expansion, mergers and acquisitions, transformations, etc. They interact with investors, clients, and vendors for discussions, negotiations and updates on the program. Program managers are the leaders who offer their guidance and expertise to project managers and their teams. Program managers today must deal with increasing project complexity and focus on risk management. They need to anticipate and mitigate risks to ensure successful program outcomes.
Other than planning the program structure and guidelines, they oversee procurement, financial management, managing risks, allocating resources and budgets and solving problems. Program manager is a dynamic role where the individual has to make important calls and decisions at every stage of the program.
How to Become a Program Manager?
To become a program manager, you must have the necessary educational qualifications, the right certifications and relevant work experience in managing multiple complex projects. To gain the right knowledge and skills to manage complex projects, you must acquire certain certifications. Enrolling in an online course like the Program Management Professional PgMP course that suits your requirements will be the first step towards becoming a program manager.
Let us look into each of them:
- Educations Qualifications
A bachelor's degree in business management, business administration or a Master's in business administration.
A program manager must have at least 8 years of work experience handling projects of various sizes and complexities. Also experience managing stakeholders is required.
By taking up a project management class, you will be well prepared for taking up various project management certifications offered by world-recognized certifying bodies. It is also necessary to have advanced level project management certifications to perform your role as a program manager. One of the most sought-after program management certifications is the Program Management Professional (PgMP) certification.
To gain this certification, you must have at least 7 years' experience in project management or a Project management Professional (PMP) certification.
Prerequisites
- Secondary degree (high school diploma, associate degree or the global equivalent)
- 48 months of project management experience OR PMP
- 84 months of program management experience within the last 15 years
OR
- Four-year degree
- 48 months of project management experience OR PMP
- 48 months of program management experience within the last 15 years
- Seek Mentoring and Guidance
Connect with experienced Program Managers or industry professionals who can provide guidance, insights, and mentorship.
By attending industry events, workshops, conferences, and seminars to network with other professionals in program management and related fields.
What is the Role of a Program Manager?
1. Entry-Level:
Roles and Responsibilities
Entry-level program manager usually has less than 3 years working as program manager. Program manager job responsibilities and activities are defined at the first level of program management. An entry-level program manager is the first point of contact for project managers. They work closely with project teams in identifying bottlenecks and managing them. First-level program managers are responsible for
- Assigning and allocating resources based on project workload and contingencies.
- Assigning and allocating budgets to all the sub projects and monitoring these budgets closely to ensure optimum utilization.
- Collaborating with the senior leadership team in creating and the detailed program structure which includes the program plan, major tasks with duration estimates, and dependencies.
- Defining the scope and contingencies of sub projects.
- Coordinating with program managers in creating timelines for each activity in the project.
- Monitoring and measuring the progress of each project.
- Getting regular updates on each sub project in terms of resources, cost, timelines, etc.
- Conducting team meetings with project managers to ensure all are in tandem with the program.
- They are responsible for re-prioritizing tasks, reallocating resources, or resolving issues in cases of exigencies or delay in meeting the deadlines.
- Updating the program plan as and when changes occur and communicating these changes to the project teams.
2. Mid-Level:
Roles and Responsibilities
Mid-level program managers are involved in more complex activities like strategy building, program efficiency management, project governance, etc. They usually have around 3 to 6 years' experience handling complex projects.
Program manager responsibilities include:
- Providing a roadmap or framework to integrate multiple projects.
- Monitoring project costs and budgets and keeping them under control.
- Streamline processes and eliminate duplication, which saves team members time and the company money.
- Manage ongoing, long-term programs.
- Manage the program’s scope, schedule, budget, and plan and ensure all project managers are aligned to the main goal.
- Identify risks, contingencies, shortages and find effective solutions to minimize and mitigate the consequences.
- Work with internal as well as external stakeholders such as HR, Audit, Legal, Compliance, and even third parties such as vendors or service providers.
- Determine all tangible assets including prototypes, equipment, services, licenses, contractors.
- Estimate costs, suppliers, availability, and acquisition variables including lead-time and pay-date.
3. Senior-Level:
Roles and Responsibilities
Senior program managers are responsible for leading the program by defining and developing the Program, the execution plan and the delivery processes. With the help of the program’s leadership team they communicate, and continuously manage the program’s progress, crises and changes.
- The Senior Program Manager' role is very crucial for the program's success. They regularly communicate with the core project management team, including project managers and junior program managers to keep themselves abreast of all the activities being executed.
- The senior program manager tracks the progress of the highest priority tasks in the program plan and takes necessary actions to mitigate any risks or problems that could delay the progress.
- They are responsible for ensuring the program adheres to all the standard operating procedures and policies so as to achieve its business objectives.
What Makes a Good Program Manager?
A good program manager must have certain skills and competencies to do justice to the role. These skills and competencies are acquired by working on complex projects over the years and gaining project management certifications. There are certifications designed especially for program managers to help them perform their roles and responsibilities with full competence. A lot of institutes offer online courses and training programs that help you get certified. KnowledgeHut PgMP exam preparation class is one such program that offers in-depth and detailed training to obtain the certification.
Let us look in detail at the program manager skills, including soft and hard skills:
1. Required Soft Skills:
- Excellent Communication: The program manager must have excellent written and verbal communication skills. They must be able to convey ideas, plans and contingencies in a very professional and objective manner.
- Leadership: They should be able to demonstrate leadership skills to run the program. As a leader, they offer direction and guidance to the project managers and leaders to ensure the common goal is met.
- Analytical Thinking: High analytical thinking is a must skill to make strategic business decisions. Program managers work on multiple aspects of the program and hence, they have to be very analytical in their thought process.
- Interpersonal Skills: To stay connected to all the levels of the program, program managers must have excellent interpersonal skills. People from all levels of the program must connect with the senior leaders to feel included and important to the program.
- Relationship Management: Program managers must have the skills to maintain cordial relations with stakeholders, clients, vendors and investors. Maintaining positive relationships will pave the way for mutual trust, confidence and future prospects.
- Negotiation: Negotiation skills are one of the key skills a program manager should have. They need to be able to negotiate with clients, vendors, and other stakeholders to reach agreements that are beneficial to all parties involved.
- Go Getter: Program managers must be go getters who love challenges and dynamic work environments.
- Time Management: Since program managers have a lot on their plate, they must be extremely organized in their work. Maintaining deadlines and sticking to timelines is a skill that will help them be productive.
2. Required Hard Skills:
- Program Management Tools: Program managers must be experts in using project management tools to do their daily tasks including tracing program progress and timelines, communicating with stakeholders, managing resources, etc.
- Data Analytics: Strong data analytics knowledge is a must for program managers. They should be well versed with data analytics tools and software to be able to manage and visualize data and draw insights from this data.
- Negotiation Skills: Negotiation is one of the key skills a program manager should have. At every step of the program, they are negotiating either with the project managers, the senior management or clients. Having strong negotiation skills will give the program manager confidence and the grit to translate their strategies and ideas in a very convincing manner.
- Strategic Decision-making: At every phase of the program, project managers have to monitor progress, create backup plans to mitigate risks and manage costs and resources without hampering the progress of the projects. To perform these activities with excellence, program managers must make very critical and strategic decisions.
- Financial Management: Program managers play a pivotal role in managing large budgets. They are responsible for handling these budgets strategically. They have to create budget structures and cost charters to allocate the right finance to the functions concerned. If there is any shortage or overspending in any process, they have to take necessary actions to manage costs effectively.
- Risk Management: Program managers are responsible for Identifying and Mitigating risks involved in the program. As senior leader they have to come up with quick and effective solutions to manage these bottlenecks without causing much disruption in the set processes.
- Change Management: When there are iterations or changes in the original program plan, it is the responsibility of the program manager to ensure changes are communicated sensibly to ensure a smooth transition of the program.
Program Manager Job Requirements
To excel as a program manager, you will need to meet certain job requirements that highlight your education, experience, and skills:
1. Educational Background:
- Bachelor's Degree: Many employers require a bachelor's degree in a relevant field such as business administration, project management, engineering, or a related discipline.
- Master's Degree: Some organizations may prefer or require candidates to have a master's degree, especially for senior program management roles. A Master of Business Administration (MBA) or Master of Project Management can be beneficial.
2. Work Experience:
- Program management roles usually require several years of relevant work experience. The specific requirements vary by employer, but common expectations include:
- 5-10 years of experience in project management or related roles.
- Experience managing multiple projects or programs simultaneously.
- Experience in progressively responsible leadership roles, demonstrating a track record of successful program or project management.
3. Certifications:
- Certifications can enhance your qualifications as a Program Manager. Relevant certifications include:
- Project Management Professional (PMP): Offered by PMI, this certification demonstrates expertise in project management.
- Program Management Professional (PgMP): Also from PMI, this certification is specifically for program managers.
- Certified ScrumMaster (CSM): Focused on agile project management methodologies.
- Certified Program Management Professional (CPgMP): A program management certification from PMI.
- Other industry-specific certifications: Some sectors, such as IT or healthcare, may have specialized program management certifications.
4. Leadership and Communication Skills:
Strong leadership and communication skills are essential for program managers, as they are responsible for guiding and motivating project teams and also responsible for conveying program objectives, status updates, and strategies to stakeholders.
5. Strategic Thinking:
Program managers must think strategically and align program objectives with the organization's overall goals and vision.
6. Analytical and Problem-Solving Skills:
A program manager must have the ability to analyze complex situations, identify problems, and develop solutions.
7. Interpersonal Skills:
Building bridges is your thing. You can connect with stakeholders of all sorts. If there's a disagreement, you step in, smooth things out, and bring back the harmony.
In a nutshell, being a program manager is like being the captain of a ship—steering multiple projects, guiding your crew, and navigating through challenges toward the final goal. Your map? These are education, experience, and skill markers.
Conclusion
To sum it all up, program managers are the core members of the project management team. They are responsible for leading cross-functional teams and overseeing the successful delivery of complex projects and programs. Program managers today must have a variety of skills, including project management skills, leadership skills, communication skills, and interpersonal skills. They must also be able to adapt to change and be flexible in their approach. Program managers play a vital role in organizations, ensuring coordination and alignment of multiple projects to achieve success.
