Kubernetes is a free and open-source container management framework providing a forum for automated deployment, scaling, and container operations across host clusters. You can use your hybrid, local and public cloud infrastructure free of charge with Kubernetes to operate your organisation's deployment tasks.
In this tutorial, we will illustrate the installation of Kubernetes in Ubuntu and deploy Kubernetes in a two-node Ubuntu cluster. Meanwhile, read about how to Install Jenkins on Ubuntu.
Kubernetes (or, as is informally known, the K8s) is an open-source system which is used for containerized systems automation, scaling and management. Some of the advantages of Kubernetes include:
Kubeadm automates Kubernetes components including API servers, Controller Manager and Kube DNS installation and setup. However, it does not build users or manage the installation and configuration of operating system dependencies.
A configuration management tool like Ansible or SaltStack can be used for these preliminary tasks. The use of these tools makes it much easier and more feasible to create new clusters or to recreate existing clusters.
Swap disabled. You MUST disable swap in order for the kubernetes to work properly.
The commands and procedures specified in this article were executed on an Ubuntu 18.04 LTS framework. You can open all commands through either the Dash, or the Ctrl+Alt+T shortcut, as we will use the Ubuntu command line, the Terminal.
The two-node cluster will consist of a Master Node and Slave Node. These two nodes must be installed with Kubernetes.
Master Node: The master Node is responsible for the administration of the cluster state (a node in Kubernetes refers to a server).
Slave Node: The servers on which your workloads (i.e., container applications and services) are running are worker nodes or slave nodes. When delegated, the workload is continued by a worker even though the master falls when the schedule is complete. By adding workers, the capacity of a cluster can be increased.
Follow the steps below to install Kubernetes on the two nodes in Ubuntu.
On both master and slave nodes, the following must be performed.
1. Docker's installation is the first thing to do. Login into the server to do this and export the command:
$ sudo apt-get install docker.io
In order to continue the installation, you will be asked to choose a Y/N option. Please enter Y to continue, then press Enter and your machine will be configured with Docker.
2. The installation can also be checked by using the following instruction, and the Docker version number:
$ docker --version
You must add your user to the docker community once Docker is installed (otherwise you must carry out all the sudo docker commands which could lead to security problems).
3. Use the command to connect your user to the docker group:
$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
Log out and log in, so that adjustments come into effect.
4. Launch and activate the docker daemon with the commands:
$ sudo systemctl start docker $ sudo systemctl enable docker
Now, install Kubernetes on both the machines. As Kubernetes is downloaded from a non-standard repository, it is essential for the software to be authentic. This is achieved with the addition of a signing key.
1. Add the GPG Kubernetes key with the command:
$ curl -s https://packages.cloud.google.com/apt/doc/apt-key.gpg | sudo apt-key add
2. If curl is not installed on your system, then you can install it with the commands:
$ sudo apt install curl
In order to continue the installation, you will be asked to choose a Y/N option. Please enter Y, then press Enter. You will then install the Curl utility on your device.
3. Sometimes Kubernetes is not added in default repository. To add the Xenial Kubernetes repository, run the following command on both nodes:
$ sudo apt-add-repository "deb http://apt.kubernetes.io/ kubernetes-xenial main"
$ sudo apt-get install kubeadm kubelet kubectl
Run the below command to check whether the versions of the components installed are compatible with each other.
sudo apt-mark hold kubeadm kubelet kubectl
In order to continue the installation, you will be asked to choose a Y/N option. Please enter Y to continue, then press Enter. Kubeadm will then be installed on your device.
5. You can also check Kubeadm's version number and verify the installation using the following command:
$ kubeadm version
Repeat for each server node.
Ensure that on each computer you install the same package version. Instability can arise from various versions. This mechanism also prevents Kubernetes from being updated automatically.
1. Disable swap memory:
You can deactivate the swap memory in both nodes because Kubernetes does not work properly on a swap-based device. Run the following command to disable swap memory on both nodes:
$ sudo swapoff -a
2. Unique hostnames to each node:
In order to facilitate things, each server needs to be assigned a specific hostname.
To assign it a unique hostname, run the following command in the master node:
$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname master-node
To assign it a unique hostname, run the following command in the slave node:
$ sudo hostnamectl set-hostname slave-node
In case of additional worker nodes, use the command to set a unique hostname on each.
3. Initialize Kubernetes on Master Node:
Switch to the master server node and type:
$ sudo kubeadm init –pod-network-cidr=192.168.43.211/24
You can find pod network CIDR in /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
sudo grep cidr /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-*
You need to run the following as a daily user to start using your cluster:
$ mkdir -p $HOME/ .kube $ sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config $sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
By running the following command, you can check the status of the master node:
$ kubectl get nodes
4. Deploy Pod Network to Cluster:
A pod network is a communication medium between network nodes.
This article uses the following command to deploy a Flannel pod network in our cluster:
$ sudo kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/ flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml
To display the network status, use the following command:
$ kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
5. Add the slave node to form a cluster:
you can enter the kubeadm join command on each slave node to connect it to the cluster.
Run the command that you created when you initialized Kubernetes on your master node at the slave node:
$ sudo kubeadm join 192.168.100.6:6443 --token 06tl4c.oqn35jzecidg0r0m --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:c40f5fa0aba6ba311efcdb0e8cb637ae0eb8ce27b7a03d47be6d966142f2204c
$ sudo kubectl get nodes
This shows that the two-node cluster now operates via the container management system in Kubernetes.
1. Clear Pods
Using this command, you can delete all the nodes:
$ kubectl delete node --all
2. Remove kubeadm completely
$ sudo apt-get purge kubeadm kubectl kubelet kubernetes-cni kube* $ sudo apt-get autoremove
Learn more about the core concepts of Kubernetes Components, Architecture, Pods and Deployment with Kubernetes Training Course.
Conclusion:
You should now have Kubernetes installed on Ubuntu, after following carefully the steps stated in this article.
This network uses many servers for back-and-forth communication. You can launch and manage Docker containers on several servers on the pod from Kubernetes.
The Kubernetes container management system installed on two Ubuntu nodes was discussed in this post. We then developed and deployed Kubernetes to a single two-node cluster. This clustered network is now available for use,and you can use any service like a Nginx server or Apache container.
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