Mobile Testing Interview Questions & Answers for 2024 Software Testing

There are many different types of mobile operating systems currently available in the market. However, below ones are the most eminent that has been adopted by several mobile phone industries, and have worked for a very long period of time. 

• Android OS: It is a mobile operating system by Google, developed by modifying the versions such as Linux Kernel and other open-source software. It is primarily made for smart devices such as smartphones, smart TV, and Tablets. 
• iOS: iOS is an operating system developed by Apple for its hardware devices such as iPhone and iPad. It is similar to an OS known as UNIX, and it is developed using XNU Kernel. 
• Blackberry OS: Blackberry operating system used to be developed by blackberry limited for the blackberry smartphones but is now not being developed. Instead, the company has started using Android OS in its devices. 
• Windows Mobile OS: Windows operating system was designed by Microsoft. Initially, Windows was developed for computers. Later on, however, it was introduced for mobiles and it worked only for a few years. 

Automated Testing: Automated testing, as the name suggests refers to the process of automating the testing workflows on a mobile device. It is the process in which one automates the testing process of an application, such as a mobile application, which can be any type of application such as a native app, web app, or hybrid app. Automation testing is done with the help of testing automation tools that help app developers reduce the time spent on testing an application and reduce code errors that are common when done by humans using manual procedures, so they can get ready to push the product to market much faster.

A must-know for anyone heading into a Mobile Testing interview, this question is frequently asked in manual mobile testing interview questions. There are three different types of mobile applications that are segmented based on the development efforts and redistribution strategy. 

• Native Application 
• Web Application 
• Hybrid Application 

Native Applications: These are the software programmed by developers to run on a particular platform or device. Native applications run faster as compared to their counterpart, the web applications because they don’t have to go through the translation process that takes place between the source code of the webpage and the machine language of the computer. 

Usually, native apps are installed from the application stores such as the google play store or apple app store, and they are installed on the device to be accessed directly through the icons appearing in the menu of the device home screen. They are built particularly to run on one platform and can take full advantage of the device they are installed on and its features such as camera, location, storage, and many more. 

Web Applications: These are the software programmed by developers to be accessed using a web browser. Mostly, web apps are browser-based. The user can visit a website, the JavaScript and PHP instructions that are written on the web pages are retrieved. It is combined with the HTML and CSS files that contain the visual layout of the website, and the browser runs the code and renders the web page. Furthermore, the cloud server performs the processing to give access to the database and the additional support functions of the app. 

Hybrid Applications: As the name suggests, these are the software programmed by developers to both run a particular platform or device as well as be accessed using a web browser. Hybrid applications are basically a combination of both the native applications designed to be installed on mobile devices and the web apps designed to run using a web-based browser. Usually, hybrid apps are developed using technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript and then integrated into native applications using special platforms. One can develop two-in-one apps using both Android and iOS without having to write codes separately to develop the applications for both platforms. 

This can be used separately while answering android testing interview questions and iOS mobile testing interview questions, depending on the position you are being interviewed for. 

• Latest Android version: Android 13 (Tiramisu): Announced by Google in May 2020, It is the 13th Major Android Operating system developed by Google. It focuses mainly on User Interfaces, Customized Notification Systems, and privacy control systems for improved security of the device. 
• Latest iOS version: iOS 15: At the Worldwide Developers Conference on 7th June 2021, Apple announced its later operating system known as iOS version 15. With this new OS update Apple rolled out some of the new and unique features for Apple users such as, New Notification system, New lock screen, and Facetime with spatial voice isolation technology. 

In today’s digitally transforming landscape, mobile applications have become a part of our daily lives from getting groceries, food, essentials, education, entertainment, and many more. Every day millions of apps are being developed across the globe. Although every application has a unique purpose and different usage, some of the features are similar and quite necessary in all of them. Including: 

• Reliability: The mobile application needs to be fully functional and run smoothly without hindering any processes while someone is using the mobile application. 
• Compatibility: The mobile application needs to be fully compatible to run on the platform and device it has been developed for without any glitches or errors. 
• Scalability: The mobile application needs to be easily scaled whenever the user wants to adjust it according to their requirements. 
• Efficiency: The mobile app needs to run smoothly without long loading and glitches to help the user use the application efficiently. 
• Operational Modes: The operational modes of the application need to run flawlessly in order to ensure the end user gets the optimum experience. 
• Open Source Technology: The technology used for developing the app should be licensed and be available for the user without any hassles. 
• Adaptability: The mobile application needs to be agile enough to adapt to the changing technologies and get updates on time. 
• Fast operations: The mobile application should run faster without any glitches or errors in order to streamline the operations and enable the user to use them efficiently. 
• Well-designed user interface (UI): End-user experience is the most crucial component of building an application. Any application cannot compete in the market without a clean and user-friendly user interface. 
• Strong data protection: Data security is one of the major concerns in today’s world where security breaches and cybercrimes are on the rise. 
• Excellent user support: Customer support is the most important factor for anybody who is planning to deploy any kind of application at their premises. 
• Built-in integrations: In today’s growingly interoperable world of technologies, it is necessary that an application supports plug-and-play API integrations with every or industries most used systems. 

Port testing is done by testing one functionality on different devices to understand the behavior of that functionality on different platforms. It is classified into two different methods based on the method of testing: 

• Device Testing: The application will be tested by running it on different devices to verify if it can work smoothly on various devices without any glitches or errors hindering the usage when the end user is using the application. It is usually done by testing the application by installing and using the app on different mobile devices that run on a similar platform such as mobile devices running on android. 
• Platform testing: The application will be tested by running it on different platforms to verify if it can work smoothly on various platforms without any glitches or errors hindering the usage when the end user is using the application. It is usually done by testing the application by installing and using the app on different mobile devices that run on different platforms such as mobile devices running on android and iOS. 

Commonly known as an Instrumentation Test Care Runner, It’s basically a runner responsible for smoothly running a test case on an application package. This runner encompasses the tools that offer API and SDK and is responsible for writing the programs to control android gadgets. It has a library that opts the directory of source codes and selects the test files in order to run them for verifying the errors and bugs in the application. It also ensures running the files in order to let you know whether the test files are being executed in the right manner as they have been programmed to meet the standard requirements. It can run the functional tests and write the results the way you have set it up to do.

By using a Ready API graphical user interface such as SoapUI or by providing command prompt arguments, you can utilize a test runner. There are many different kinds of test runners available today, including JUnit, Karma, Python, and others. When a particular code or script is provided, these can automatically run a single test file or a collection of test files. The most important thing to understand regarding test runners is that, depending on the software, they can run in Selenium or Appium.

WAP stands for Wireless Application Protocol which is basically a set of communication protocols. At a gathering called the WAP Forum, Unwired Planet, Motorola, Ericsson, and Nokia came up with the idea for WAP In order to standardize how wireless devices, including cellular phones and radio communication devices, can be utilized for internet connectivity, such as email, the web, newsgroups, and instant messaging. Prior to the invention of WAP, it was possible to access the internet wirelessly, but different manufacturers employed various technologies, whereas WAP was designed to serve as an industry standard. WAP, however, is now regarded as being out of date because modern gadgets use connectivity and browsers that are comparable to those found on PCs.

WAP refers to a set of protocols that are intended to facilitate communication between WAP-enabled internet browsers and networking protocols as well as WAP-compatible hardware, such as mobile phones. Before WAP, an operator's mobile device and mobile service provider would determine how much access they could have to mobile data. The WAP protocol was developed to standardize mobile data access, but it also served as a tool for getting around carrier and device restrictions that frequently gave mobile users a bad experience. WAP supported a number of widely adopted internet standards, including XML, User Datagram Data Packet, and Internet Protocol. This high-latency, low-bandwidth wireless connections of the day, which were notorious for cutting the connection before that page could fully load, were optimized by the WAP protocol.

Mobile devices are now ingrained in many facets of our daily lives and have advanced far beyond serving as a stand-in for voice-to-voice communication. Today, you can swipe past your entry screen to check an annotated calendar that alerts you when you're running late for an appointment, access documents on your computer or cloud server, start learning a new language, or perhaps pick up a flask of Merlot delivered right to your gate.

Around 189 billion dollars in revenue are anticipated from the mobile app market. 57% of the time that people spend online, to be exact, is spent on mobile apps. Nearly 90% of the 6 billion mobile phone users worldwide currently spend their time using a mobile app. An individual has 20 mobile applications installed on their smartphone on average. They used mobile apps on average for almost three hours per day. Mobile apps are preferred over mobile websites by 85% of smartphone users. As a result, there is a huge market for creating mobile apps in this rapidly evolving technological landscape.

Testing iOS-based products and Android applications will each have its own quirks. There isn't a single checking method that works for all kinds of software products. However, it is still possible to use the fundamental approach, which will be the primary one for the upcoming testing. 

• Module checking 
• Integration testing 
• Operation checking 
• System Testing 

By conducting unit tests, the experts validate the proper operation of the system's essential building blocks. The team moves on to the fulfillment of the integration tests after finishing the testing of the individual units. In other words, it executes a mutual work check between the various application modules. 

Checking the accuracy and effectiveness of application requirements is known as operation testing. This type of checking is also referred to as functional or general acceptance. The last step is to test the entire product system in real-world scenarios. 

• Mobile automation testing interview questions are asked in order to verify your knowledge in accordance with the contemporary testing technologies available today. 
• There are two types of mobile automation testing tools used majorly based on their technological characteristics such as object recognition-based mobile automation testing tools and image recognition-based mobile automation testing tools. For example: 
• Appium: One of the most well-liked open-source automated test frameworks is called Appium. Both native and hybrid mobile applications can make use of it. Using Selenium WebDriver procedure, Appium powers iOS and Android apps. All programming languages with Selenium client libraries, such as Java, C#, JavaScript, node.js, PHP, Ruby, Python, etc., are supported by Appium. 
• Katalon Studio: It's an all-in-one tool for automating testing for mobile, web, APIs, and desktop named Katalon Studio. The most well-liked Appium substitute, Studio, does away with the hassle of starting from scratch with a test automation framework and the need for programming requirements. Studio is compatible with a number of different operating systems and supports both the iOS and Android platforms. 
• Frank: It is an open-source tool. It enables users to create structured testing processes and run them against your iOS app. 
• Robotium: Is a method of Android test automation called Robotium is available both for native and hybrid applications. On our list of open-source tools, it is the last item. It helps with robust automated tests scripts for Android apps that are simple to write. Automation testers can create functional, system, and user acceptance testing cases with the aid of Robotium. 
• UI Automator: For functional cross-app UI testing of downloaded software, sometimes use UI Automator. In order to perform engagement on user applications and system applications, the Automator offers a set of APIs. Writing automation testing scripts in the black box style, in which the test code is independent of the app code. 
• Ranorex Studio: A Windows GUI test automation tool called Ranorex Studio offers laboratory tests for desktop, web, and mobile apps. Ranorex is capable of recording and replaying. By capturing UI actions, its user interface enables automated UI testing. 
• See Test: One of the leading software testing automation tools available on the market, See Test supports applications for iOS, Android, Windows Phone, and BlackBerry devices. It offers client libraries for these programming languages, allowing you to create automation scripts in Java, C#, Perl, and Python. 

Application packaging entails creating specialized or unique features for an application's core elements. This personalization is made possible by a number of tools. You can choose tools based on how well they fit your needs, goals and the nature of the application. By linking files, creating registries, and creating application components, you can automate important application processes by choosing the right tools. Reduced user interaction increases an application's efficiency through automated processes. By standardizing the necessary aspects of system configuration, packaging apps is another efficient way to lower the costs of deploying applications.

The efficient packaging of applications is facilitated by a variety of tools and wrapping technologies. These tools serve a variety of application development, design, and operational requirements and have a wide range of applications that come into play at various stages of the packaging process. Applications can use packaging technologies to reduce security risks, enhance software compatibility, update features and capabilities, reduce software costs, and start changing software administration.

The Test Case Classes and Mock Objects are the names of the two calluses. This includes the test procedures and dummy input data and sample tests.

It is possible for a developer or tester to modify the test package in both Android and iOS but there are some limitations to it. They can modify and run the test packages to verify their codes, however they are not reflected in the final APK or IPA file distributed to the final users.

In accordance with the overall sophistication of the program or the code individuals are continuing to work on, the users may modify the same. Such classes come in handy when the Test Package needs to dispatch the software on a platform other than the one that it is premised on.

Here are some best practices that you can use as a reference to make sure the testing procedure doesn't overlook any crucial elements. 

• Understand the Mobile App: Understanding all of your app's features before testing them will help you create appropriate test cases and ensure that your test execution metrics are positive overall. 
• Focus on usability testing: For mobile apps, the user experience is crucial. Because users always favor intuitive and useful apps, it can determine the success or failure of your products or services. For the best outcomes, caution should be used when performing mobile usability testing. 
• Test Using Real-Time Scenarios: Mobile apps must be tested in real-world scenarios, such as unstable networks, various time zones, locations, SMS disruptions, low battery cautions, etc. By using BrowserStack, you can check under real-world circumstances, such as typical app gestures and engagement, billing process flows, in-app buying, geotargeting, and etc. 
• Track Updates in OS: If an application does not really function after an OS upgrade, that would be bad. As a result, testers should keep an eye out for updates and sustain the app as necessary. The most recent and extensive Operating system combinations are available. Because of this, testing a software across suggested devices is extremely important for testers. 
• Test early and test often: To create a stable and dependable application, it is a good idea to use a test-driven strategy in which the app is tested from the beginning and at various project benchmarks. The majority of an app's features can really be automated, which drastically cuts down on testing effort and time. 
• Split testing process: It is simpler to divide the software testing into relatively small components and conduct individual tests. These units may be used to test specific app features or modules. By dividing the tests, it is possible to target every aspect of the app and conduct thorough testing. 
• Focus on Devices in Real-Time: No emulator or simulator testing can compare to testing on actual hardware. Real-world testing must be prioritized more, presumably utilizing cloud testing tools. They are a very common option among the many testing teams as a cost-effective alternative. 

Test plan for a mobile application is similar to that of a software application test plan. It includes various testing stages such as: 

• Objective: the objective of the test being performed. 
• Automation tools needed: conducting a mobile test needs the testers to determine if the app requires automation testing and select the automated testing tools. 
• Features testing: the testers need to verify the required features and make sure they are performing the way they were designed for. 

Including: network, security, performance, size, battery, and memory. 

• Features not needed to be tested: the testers need to determine which features do not require testing such as display size and resolution 
• Test cases: The tester needs to prepare some test case scenarios in order to ensure the app is tested in real scenarios or simulations to determine if the app can function properly in the real world 
• Test strategy: Create a testing strategy to carry out the testing in a right way. 
• Tester: The plan needs a tester who will perform or lead the testing 
• Total time: One needs to determine the total time it takes to complete the testing of the application and prepare a deadline for pushing it to market 
• Total resources: The testing plan needs to determine how many resources it requires to perform the testing in a given amount of time. 

Usability testing for mobile apps running on mobile platforms is referred to as mobile usability testing. Usability testing involves evaluating products in light of user feedback. There are several ways to conduct mobile usability testing. Researchers typically seek to understand how consumers view a mobile app. This is tested by using prototypes in the field or in the usability lab. 

Types of usability testing are as follows: 

• Qualitative and quantitative: User research tests will all fall into qualitative or quantitative testing. The information they deal with is one of the main distinctions between qualitative and quantitative testing processes. Quantitative research focuses on statistics and numbers to address "what," "where," and "when," while the qualitative approach utilizes meaning and words to explore the "why." Based on your research objectives, particular testing methodologies may be more appropriate for usability testing. 
• Moderated and unmoderated: Setting up your usability test involves making a choice between moderated and unmoderated testing. All usability testing techniques fall into one of two categories: moderated or unmoderated. Some techniques might work with either approach. In a broad sense, the objectives of moderated vs unmoderated testing phase are identical; the only differences are the existence of an intermediary and occasionally the atmosphere. 
• Remote and in-person: What you're testing will determine in large part whether you want to start the usability testing with a distant or in-person method. A usability test for real objects may naturally be conducted in person, but a remote application can be used to test the program or internet applications just as effectively. You may discover that your usability testing would then function similarly well enough with the remote and in-person testing process, in which case you must evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of both strategies. 

Below are the various stages used in Android testing: 

• Installation Testing: Once the app is prepared, testing must be done during installation to make sure that the user can install or uninstall the apps without any issues. They must also make sure the app is updating correctly and doesn't crash when switching from an older to a new release. 
• Device and OS Testing: Mobile application testers must make sure the app runs as intended on a variety of devices and software platforms. 
• UI/UX testing: For the app to be tested, running UI and UX tests is crucial. To make sure that the app is intuitive, simple to use, and also has industry-standard interfaces, this testing must be done first from users' point of view. 
• Functionality Testing: To make sure that the app is operating in accordance with the stated requirements, functional testing examines the functional behavior of the application. To ensure that all required fields are functioning as intended, testing users ’ interactions and operations are necessary. 
• Interrupt testing: Testing throughout installation is necessary after the software is ready to make certain that the user can configure and uninstall the applications without any problems.  
• Data Network Testing: Mobile apps require network connectivity in order to offer useful functionalities. Network testing includes performing network simulation tests to mimic mobile networks for bandwidth issues in order to identify connection problems and roadblocks and then research their effects on performance metrics. 
• Hardware keys Testing: Mobile apps come with a variety of equipment and sensor systems that they can use. The software itself can make use of gyro sensors, motion detectors, location sensors, contactless sensors, light source sensors, etc., as well as device features like a webcam, storage, mic, display, etc. 
• Performance Testing: Performance testing's goal is to make sure that the software platform is operating at its peak efficiency given the performance constraints. Testing phase includes evaluating loads, internet connectivity, locating applications and infrastructure roadblocks, response times, data corruption, and application - level during periods of only sporadic connectivity. 
• Load testing: In order to ensure that large loads and strain on the app do not end up causing it to crash, testers must also test the performance of the app in the presence of unexpected traffic spikes. 
• Security testing: During security testing, all relevant data about the app is gathered, and threats and vulnerabilities are found using the static and dynamic examination of the source code for devices. 

Expect to come across this popular question in Mobile Testing Interview Questions. Automation testing is one of the greatest winners in quality assurance. But there is no replacement for manual testing whenever it comes to usability and first impressions. The truth is that, even though automated testing technology improves, manual testing continues to be crucial for delivering high-quality applications. 

• Use of automated testing: 
  • Regression Testing: Regression testing benefits from test automation because code changes happen frequently. Regression testing can also be carried out quickly using the automated testing approach. 
  • Repeated Execution: Automated testing works best for labor-intensive, repetitive tasks. 
  • Performance Testing: Automation is useful when evaluating a mobile application's performance and speed against multitudes of concurrent users. 
• Use of manual testing: 
  • Exploratory Testing: In this situation, mobile applications need to be tested by people. Expertise, assessment, experience, intuition, and creative thinking are all necessary for exploratory testing. 
  • Usability Testing: Without manual testing, it is not possible to assess how user-friendly the mobile software is. Human observation is the most crucial element in figuring out how efficient and user-friendly an application is. 
  • Ad-hoc Testing: This testing technique is entirely improvised, and the tester's knowledge and comprehension are the only things that matter. 

• Android 1.0 
• Android 1.1 
• Android 1.5 Cupcake 
• Android 1.6 Donut 
• Android power 2.0 
• Android 2.2 Froyo 
• Android 2.3 Gingerbread 
• Android 3.0 Honeycomb 
• Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sandwich 
• Android 4.1 Jelly Bean 
• Android 4.4 KitKat 
• Android 5.0 Lollipop 
• Android 6.0 Marshmallow 
• Android Nougat 7.0 
• Android 8.0 Oreo 
• Android 9 Pie 
• Android 10 Ginger Bread 
• Android 11 Honey Comb 
• Android 12 Snow Cone 
• Android 13 Tiramisu 

Mobile testing or mobile app testing is a process used to evaluate the consistency, usability, and functionality of software applications created for handheld devices. Compatibility, functionality, effectiveness, security, and user experience testing are all included in this. Prior to being made available to the general public, mobile app testing aims to make sure that the app complies with all requirements and is error-free. Both manual and automated testing may fall under this category.

Mobile testing is a process of checking mobile applications and confirming if they are in accordance with the expectations of the client. This process can be conducted in two ways – Manual and Automated. 

• Automated Testing: Automated testing is the use of an application that is not the application being tested to regulate how tests are run and how actual results are compared to expected results. In automated mobile app testing, pre-written test cases are run on mobile devices using software applications. This is done to test the functions and features, usability, and effectiveness of a mobile application to mimic the behavior of a real user. Automated mobile testing may check for effectiveness and security flaws as well as the app's suitability for various platforms and operating systems. Appium, Espresso, and Calabash are a few frequently used automated mobile app testing tools. Although automated testing has the potential to be quicker and more effective than manual testing, it necessitates a significant time and resource commitment to set up and keep running. 
• Manual Testing: When a new app is put through the manual testing process, human testers examine it for quality without the aid of automation software or scripting. Manual mobile app testing involves manually assessing a system to find any problems or flaws. The term "manual mobile app testing" refers to the procedure of manually testing a mobile application using actual hardware and operating systems in order to find any bugs or flaws. A human tester performs this kind of testing by manually interacting with the application and evaluating its performance, user experience, and functionality. The tester could also examine the software's compatibility with various hardware and operating systems, as well as its adherence to customer experience and design requirements.
  Since manual mobile app testing is more versatile and conceptual and it can verify user experience and usability, it is typically thought to be much more comprehensive than automated mobile app testing. However, the testing process may not be as effective as automated mobile app testing and is often time-consuming. 

• Ensures App Functionality: Making sure a solution works flawlessly is the main goal of the QA process. The ability of users to effectively install a software to a wide range of devices is another factor that QA experts look at. They test apps on actual hardware to ensure that the final product is flawless. 
• Predicts User-experience: Here, experts adopt the perspective of end users and evaluate how a solution feels and looks. They test an app's navigation to see if it is logical and intuitive. It also determines whether using the app is practical for mobile apps in a variety of circumstances. They can then forecast whether the user will prefer to use the app or remove it from his device.
• Improves Customer Loyalty: Customer satisfaction will increase if you make an app easy to use and functional. Analytics assist in expanding audience reach and enhancing the reputation of the craft industry in this way.
• Increases Revenue Generation: Although the testing phase may require initial investments, it helps prevent problems from being fixed and products from needing to be rebuilt later. It reduces overall costs, frees up time, and enables a quick time to market. By working together along with the testing specialists, you can anticipate receiving better reviews in the future.
• Lower Testing Time In Development Phase: Manual tests require a sizable investment of time and labor. In a short time, analysts can perform a variety of tests. The main advantage of automated testing is faster and more effective testing.
• Reduced Cost of App Development: If used properly, automated software testing can reduce the cost of an app's development. The main factor in cost savings that reduces the frequency of bugs discovered after implementation is comprehensive testing. Introducing an app with flawed functionality could result in negative user preferences, app uninstalls, and a poor perception of your brand. Therefore, keep in mind to extensively test your app beginning with the design phase
• Rapid Deployment: Test automation in conjunction with Agile approach to development helps to produce apps quickly, which generates excellent results and boosts ROI. Automated testing shortens the time needed to develop an app, resulting in quicker app deployment.

Mobile application testing comes in a variety of forms, some of which are as follows: 

• Functional testing: This kind of testing examines the app's functionality and determines whether it functions as intended. Testing for graphical interface, user experience, and compatibility are all included in this. 
• Performance testing: This kind of testing examines the speed, consistency, and resource utilization of the application. It includes load, strain, and extensibility checking. 
• Security testing: This kind of testing looks for security flaws and weak points in the application. Encryption, identity verification, and user access are all tested as part of this process. 
• Compatibility testing: This kind of testing determines whether the application is suitable for various hardware, software, and screen sizes. 
• User acceptance testing: This kind of testing determines whether the app satisfies the requirements and the user's expectations. Before official launch, it is typically tested by a survey of actual users. 
• Usability testing: This kind of testing evaluates how user-friendly the software is to engage with and operate. User-focused design is also tested, as well as the user-friendliness of the interface. 
• Interoperability testing: This kind of testing examines how well the app can communicate with other programmed, hardware, and software. 
• Regression testing: This kind of testing ensures that the software continues to function properly even after changes are made. 
• Install/Uninstall testing: This kind of test verifies that the program can be properly launched and deleted on various platforms and operational systems. 
• Ad-hoc testing: Without using formal test scenarios, this style of checking assists in identifying flaws that were missed by formal verification. 

Mobile app testing is needed for several reasons: 

• Increased mobile device usage: The number of mobile application users has significantly increased as a result of the increasing usage of smartphones. As a result, mobile testing is crucial to ensuring that applications are usable, operational, and function effectively across a variety of platforms. 
• Mobile devices Complexity: With various sizes, resolutions, and equipment setups, devices have grown increasingly complicated. Mobile testing is crucial to ensuring that apps work with a variety of operating systems and devices. 
• Business needs: With their widespread usage ranging from e-commerce to finance, healthcare, and entertainment, mobile applications have emerged as a critical component of many enterprises. For businesses to succeed, it's essential to make sure that these applications are dependable and of the highest caliber. 
• Security: Sensitive data, including personal and financial info, is frequently stored on and accessed through mobile devices. App security must be ensured through mobile testing in order to safeguard users' data. 
• User-demands: Users now demand reliable and quality mobile applications, and they are quick to discard those that fall short of their standards. Mobile testing is crucial to ensuring that applications fulfill users' expectations and requirements and uphold the company's good name. 
• Consistent development and rollouts: Mobile applications are constantly changing, with regular additions of new functions and upgrades. To guarantee that new versions and upgrades do not bring new flaws or damage the operation of the application, mobile app testing is needed. 

There are three main focuses of app testing, each of which is supplementary to the other two. Each type of test should be planned to be included in your mobile strategy: 

• Functional testing: A variety of testing methods are used in functional testing to verify that an application is functioning as intended in the context of precisely articulated requirements. Functional tests take place at the system testing level and all along the project cycle.
• Hardware device testing: Instead of using simulators or emulators, hardware device testing typically calls for actual physical devices.
• Non-functional testing, also known as attribute testing, entails examining characteristics of the software that go beyond its basic functionality. Non-functional testing can take many different forms, including performance, localization, UX, security, flexibility, and suitability.

The first step in developing your mobile test plan is choosing among manual assessment and test automation. Automated and manual testing are frequently seen as two diametrically opposed testing techniques. They should be used to test apps thoroughly and effectively because they are supplementary. Given the advantages and potential of each testing technique, an integrated testing strategy that combines manual as well as automated tests is the best course of action. A best practice with this strategy is to computerize 80% of your tests while manual processing the remaining 20%.

Beta Testing: Mobile development teams can validate their applications through beta testing with "real users" in authentic settings. Teams benefit from receiving input from end customers who are representative of the app's real user base. Teams gain a more thorough level of verification that now the software satisfies end-user requirements by process optimization functionality and performance with a beta group before the software is released to the public. They also significantly lower the possibility that a post-deployment application issue will force a rollback of the application release or force the team to release an update quickly to address an issue with production deployment. 

Determine Hosting: Mobile Quality assurance and advancement teams quickly learn that this "Homemade" method is not the best for scaling and streamlining their testing when they use local gadgets for mobile testing. Cloud-specialized testing steps into action to save the day in this situation. Real devices in the cloud conduct tests on real phone software and hardware just like real devices on-premise. A cloud-based test technology hosts real devices that can be remotely controlled by trying to send scripts to the machines via the internet. Here on devices, these scripts are run, and the tests are sent back as thorough logs, mistake findings, snapshots, and video recordings. 

Following are one of the most used defect-tracking tools in mobile app testing: 

• Jira: One of the most crucial bug tracking tool kits is Jira. Jira is an open-source program used for managing projects, tracking issues in the testing process, and tracking bugs. Jira has a variety of features, including workflow, capturing, and reporting. All types of software-related bugs and issues that are produced by the test engineer can be tracked in Jira. 
• Bugzilla: Another crucial tool for monitoring bugs is Bugzilla, which is extensively used by numerous organizations. It is an accessible tool used to help the client and customer in keeping track of bugs. Because we can easily connect other test case management software, like ALM, Quality Center, etc., with this, it is also utilized as a test management tool. 
• BugNet: It is an accessible defect monitoring and project problem management tool that supports the Microsoft SQL database and it was created in the ASP.NET and C# programming languages. BugNet's goal is to lessen the culpability of the code that facilitates deployment. 
• Redmine: It is a web-based tool for project management that is accessible and used to monitor issues. The Ruby programming language-based Redmine device is compatible with a wide range of databases, including MySQL, Microsoft SQL, and SQLite. 
• MantisBT: Mantis Bug Tracker is referred to as MantisBT. It is an accessible device and a web-based bug monitoring system. MantisBT is employed to track down software flaws. It is carried out using PHP as the programming language. 
• Trac: Trac, another free and accessible web application for defect and bug tracking, is a useful tool. Python is the coding language used to create it. Trac is compatible with a number of operating systems, including Windows, Mac, UNIX, Linux, and others. Tracking problems for software projects is made easier by Trac. 

Cloud-based mobile application testing provides many benefits such as: 

• Cloud-based mobile app testing provides you with access to a wide spectrum of devices, screen resolutions, and operating systems, enabling you to test all of them without having to purchase new physical device. 
• Cloud-based mobile app testing provides you with improved scalability and allows you to accommodate your test requirements accordingly. 
• When you use cloud-based mobile app testing, it eliminates the need to purchase any new physical devices and helps your save costs. 
• Cloud-based mobile app testing provides you with the flexibility to test your application from anywhere, using any device. 
• Cloud-based mobile app testing helps automate various testing related tasks and improves overall efficiency of the testing process. 

This a common question in Mobile interview questions, don't miss this one. Software applications will inevitably have flaws or breakdowns, just like any other product. The bug is a simple word to describe them. The software test team must nip bugs in order to produce a product that won't irritate users. The causes, behaviors, triggers, and operating systems in which the bugs occur can all be used to categorize them. The mentioned bugs are frequently found when testing mobile applications. 

• Crashing app: This occurs when a user clicks on a button or link within the application, which results in a hardware or software failure and causes the app to crash. 
• Failing Progress indicator: A progress index is a bar chart that depicts progress, such as game progress or lesson closure, among other things. Mobile applications with progress bars frequently display their own progress incorrectly. 
• Orientation issues: There are landscape and portrait view options on a smartphone. But even so, if the app behavior is not tested in both orientations, we risk having these problems with our apps. 
• Push notification: Push notifications occasionally do not function as anticipated and in a few cases, they are not even triggered at all. 
• improper validation: This is not just applicable to mobile applications; it may also be present on other systems. This happens when verifications are used incorrectly or exclusions are handled incorrectly. 
• Performance-related issues: This occurs when the application exceeds the user threshold limit at a time or responds too slowly. 

Android comes with several in-built testing frameworks that developers can use to test their applications. Developers can record User Interface tests and Test cases for Android apps using the accessible Android test framework. The Android testing frameworks are not entirely mutually exclusive. Developers can sometimes use an appropriate combination of different Android testing frameworks to conduct tests. In that way developers can test the application for various platforms and devices to verify if the application is working well and performing the way it was intended to across various platforms and devices. 

The following are the top 5 testing tools used in Android testing: 

1. Appium 
2. Detox 
3. Espresso 
4. Calabash 
5. UI Automator 

iOS comes with several in-built testing frameworks that developers can use to test their applications. iOS test frameworks evaluate how well iOS apps perform over an Apple device in order to capture and initiate user actions in response to user interface interactions. The iOS testing frameworks are not entirely mutually exclusive. Developers can sometimes use an appropriate combination of different iOS testing frameworks to conduct tests. In that way developers can test the application for various platforms and devices to verify if the application is working well and performing the way it was intended to across various platforms and devices. 

The following are the top 5 testing tools used in iOS testing framework: 

1. Appium 
2. XCTest/XCUITest 
3. Detox 
4. Calabash 
5. Earl Grey

Below mentioned are some of the well-known and most-used Apple device testing apps by mobile application testers to accelerate apple device app testing. 

• Appium: Appium has established itself as one of the toolkits of choice for developers. It is well-liked both by hybrid and native app developers, largely because of its adaptability and sizable accessible community. If you run into any issues while testing, the vast open-source community that Sauce Labs built and supports will be able to point you in the right direction. Additionally, it's one of the easiest iOS testing tools available. Because your software uses a standard API, you are not required to configure an SDK on it, nor do you have to rewrite it. 
• XCTest/XCUI Test: XCTest and XCUITest are two components of its native library that are included with Apple's Xcode. One examines the backend components, while the other examines the user interface, or how your app appears to the user. Both of them are fantastic choices with all the benefits you'd anticipate from Apple's eco-system 
• KIF: KIF, which is directly connected to XCUITest, was created especially to check the user interface. Another benefit of its close ties to Xcode is that it integrates directly into the Xcode project, saving you the trouble of employing an extra web server or using up additional memory for any extra packages. It is incredibly easy to set up. You only need to add the KIF module to your project if it already has XCTests configured. Additionally, the tests are quicker than that of the XC tools. Realism is another important advantage. Tests are extremely user-like because they mimic how a user will indeed use the app in the actual world. KIF can also simulate a variety of different user engagements. 
• Bugfender: Okay, time for a little self-promotion. We wanted to highlight Bugfender, our own product. It's great for finding troubles and explaining why they occurred, even though it doesn't perform quite as well as a few of the other techniques on our list (in fact, we use a number of these tools in conjunction with it). We created Bugfender to address issues like, "Well, it works perfectly fine for me," as well as bugs that didn't affect our own equipment. We earlier had to continue access to the impacted devices or ask our users to characterize them in order to solve this kind of issue. 

understand how they help you improve your application testing strategy and operations. 

• Apache JMeter: It is used to evaluate the effectiveness of dynamic web applications as well as static resources. To stack the functional test behavior and gauge the application's performance, this tool was specifically created for JAVA applications. With the help of this open-source tool, users or developers can use the source code to create new applications. In order to test a server's power or look into how well it performs overall under various load conditions, it can be used to simulate a big workload on a server, item, or network. 
• LoadRunner: One of the most potent performance testing tools, it supports performance testing across a wide range of protocols, techniques, and strategies that can be applied. It quickly pinpoints the most frequent reasons for performance problems. Additionally, precisely forecast the capacity and scalability of the application. 
• LoadNinja: SmartBear is the engine behind LoadNinja. Instead of writing load testing scripts, product managers and the manufacturing engineer would then build the application with the aid of this tool. We can monitor user activity, locate performance problems, and immediately troubleshoot them. It will swap out the emulators for actual browsers. 
• WebLoad: With the aid of dynamic loading, functional testing, and stress testing, the test application is tested using the WebLOAD testing tool. The WebLOAD tool integrates effectiveness, expandability, and integrity as one process for mobile and web authentication. 
• LoadComplete: It's yet another instrument for testing productivity. It is employed in the development and execution of automation testing for web servers and services. Web services and all browser types are supported. When we experience a heavy load, it will evaluate the performance of our web server. Throughout the test runs, we can monitor various server metrics with the aid of this tool, such as CPU usage. 
• NeoLoad: Neotys creates a testing tool known as NeoLoad. Performance analysis scenarios are tested using the NeoLoad. NeoLoad can help us identify the areas where the advancement of mobile apps and websites is slowed down. 
• LoadView: It is driven by the By Dotcom Monitor. This tool allows us to demonstrate the application's actual performance. It is utilized for load testing in actual browsers that provide accurate data. It is a cloud-based software that takes less time to deploy. 

Mobile Application Testing Automation; and it is done for various reasons such as: 

• Increased Efficiency: Compared to manual testing, automated tests may be conducted considerably more quickly, which can save a lot of effort and time. Testing can be sped up even more by running automated tests concurrently. 
• Better Consistency: Test automation can be executed repeatedly, helping to guarantee that the exact test is executed repeatedly with the exact inputs and circumstances. By doing so, the likelihood of human error can be decreased and test dependability can be increased. 
• Repeatability: Multiple runs of automated tests can help find any problems that might not have been discovered during the original test run. This is enormously beneficial if regression tests repeatedly fail, since it can help find and address the issue's underlying causes. 
• Improved Scalability: In order to make certain that the app operates as anticipated across many platforms, automation tests may be conducted on a variety of hardware and software combinations. This may be particularly helpful when regression testing repeatedly fails since it can help find and resolve problems that could be specific to a specific device or setup. 
• Cost-effectiveness: In the long term, automated testing is frequently less costly than manual testing since it eliminates manual procedures and the associated expenses. This is especially important in cases where regression testing frequently fails, as it can reduce the costs of repairing and re-testing the app. 

Following are some of the most common bugs found while performing mobile app testing: 

• Crashed After You Tapped A button: When You Press a Button, It Crashes One of the most typical bugs discovered during mobile testing is this. This frequently occurs, especially with hidden buttons. This is similar to a time bomb. The bomb detonates when you depress the activating device. The button within the application serves as the activating device in this case. If you don't press the button, you'll strike them. The application will then crash as a result. 
• No Progress Indicator: There is no progress bar. Another typical bug that is discovered when testing mobile apps. A progress indicator notifies a client that a specific activity is ongoing. If your application doesn't have an advancement indicator, users may keep tapping the file or publish button in the belief that nothing is happening. 
• Portrait and Landscape Orientation: Landscape and portrait orientation In any case, if you decide that you need both to work flawlessly with your app, you must make sure that users can quickly and easily switch between the two. This means that the application's current state must be saved when the client switches the application's orientation from portrait to landscape or vice versa. 
• No Errors Handling: not handling errors Another crucial point to keep in mind is that you should always show a client an error. Keep in mind that while showing errors straight first from the server can provide valuable information for software engineers, it rarely does so for the end user. Therefore, it is always preferable to display invalid login certifications rather than a 401. 

When they first appeared, online Android emulators were a godsend for developers. They could cross test their apps across different devices without physically buying the phones. The majority of Android emulators were inexpensive and easy to install. The ability of online Android emulators to simulate hardware and software behavior, in particular, made it simple for developers to spot unexpected behavior during early testing. However, as the app market expanded, so did user expectations. The full picture of how the app would operate on a customer's phone could not be obtained by testing all of its features on an internet Android emulator.

For instance, a user might install a new app on their device and discover the following day that their battery is depleting rapidly. When he checks the battery usage, the new app turns out to be the problem. Hit uninstall, and he does. He then goes to the Play store and complains about the battery-sucking issue with the app. The app won't be downloaded by the following twenty participants who see that review.

Using an online Emulator to find these bugs is difficult. Online emulators take a long time to load because they must duplicate the hardware and software components. Thus, making the testing process as a whole slower.

Online Android emulators are unsuitable for extensive testing due to these and other drawbacks. You can only run a certain number of OS versions on an Emulator. You can run about 8 emulators at once, even on a powerful PC with HAXM velocity support. Even if you are able to set up every online emulator you require, a single minor issue can cause the system to crash and force you to restart.

Simulating an environment to replicate the operation and setup of a different target device is known as simulation. A simulator is employed for study and analysis as opposed to emulation. By utilizing a simulator, you can produce a digital setting that resembles the actual target device. In the end, the simulation process demonstrates how the device would operate in the real world. A simulator, however, doesn't exactly replicate activity in the real world. 

• Simulator Capabilities: Your operating system is layered with an iOS simulator, which runs your app and imitates the iOS. This simulation can be viewed in a window on an iPhone or iPad. The iOS simulation model is quicker than that of the Android emulator because there isn't any machine translation taking place. 
• Simulator Limitations: Unfortunately, a macOS platform is the only one that supports using the iOS simulator. This is so that the simulator can manage the Interface, runtime, and other functions by using Apple's native Cacao API. Simulators fall short in simulating rechargeable battery states or cellular disturb, especially in comparison to Android emulators. 

Detox is a structure made for mobile testing which enables rapid and reliable implementation of tests without having to use any additional systems. 

It’s been built into the app and activates upon launching the application. 

Below mentioned are some of the unique characteristics of detox: 

• Detox makes debugging much simpler, especially when compared with different test automation frameworks. 
• Tests can be run much faster with detox. 
• React native unification with applications is simple.

Basically, A/B testing is a method used to test two different versions of an application to verify which one performs better. The following 4 steps can be used to conduct A/B tests on apple applications: 

1. Configuration: Two variants A and B of the apple application are created. 
2. Define the Success Metrics: Specify the goal and the measures using which the application's success will be assessed. 
3. Execution: Apps need to be tested to verify their performance. You can verify both the variants at the same during execution. 
4. Analyze and decide which version is best to release. 

Sanity testing is basically conducted during the initial mobile app testing stages, before starting with the comprehensive testing processes. The main reason behind performing sanity testing on mobile applications is to find any major issues or defects that might potentially affect the application’s performance post-launch. Once the new app build is ready and hosted in local servers, developers do a sanity test to verify if it’s stable enough to move further for testing. 

Below are the 5 basic instances where developers perform a sanity test on a mobile application: 

1. Before the app is pushed to production. 
2. After an update is rolled out. 
3. Updating and installing apps. 
4. After doing any sort of integration 
5. After resolving any errors or bugs 

Testing for mobile apps is more difficult than testing for computer and web apps. Knowing the potential obstacles, you might face is necessary to develop a testing strategy. Device decentralization, screen resolution and Operating system segmentation, manufacturer dislocation, localization, network operators' and users' mobility, as well as a variety of mobile applications and testing tools, are common obstacles for mobile testing.

Select Your Handset Mix for Testing: Because there are so many different mobile device designs and manufacturers on the market, relying solely on Samsung and Apple devices is no longer a safe bet. Even though iPhones continue to be the most widely used mobile phones worldwide, businesses like Huawei, HTC, and Vivo are upending marketplaces in densely populated countries like India and China. Choosing which gadgets to verify on can be daunting given the breadth of options. 

Employ an appropriate combination of actual devices, emulators, and simulators: Decide where to operate your mobile test results now that you've your test scenarios and device combination in place. We advise using a combination of actual devices and simulated gadgets as part of the mobile test to make the most of your attempts. The first option guarantees more precise testing results, while the second offers more agility. 

A combination of equipment, libraries, and principles that is used for testing mobile apps is known as a mobile testing framework. With techniques for creating test cases, conducting assessments, and presenting findings, these frameworks offer an organized approach to testing. Additionally, they may offer test automation, execute tests on many hardware systems and devices, and integrate with other tools like continual integration solutions. 

They can be cross-platform, enabling you to perform tests on your application on many platforms with a unified model, or they can be platform-specific, such as Espresso, which is used for performing tests on Android devices, and XCTest, which is used for testing iOS applications. Appium and Selenium are a few of the well-known mobile testing frameworks. 

Using a mobile testing framework can be helpful in creating your app more quickly, at a lower cost, and with higher quality results. You may use it to make sure that your program runs properly on a variety of hardware, OS, and screen resolutions. 

A Mobile testing framework is mainly responsible for: 

• Determining the format to define expectations 
• Developing a mechanism to drive the entire app testing process 
• Perform tests and provide reports 

An Android test framework consists of three components, as follows: 

Application Package: This is the target app on which the testing is being conducted on. Also known as app package or package file, it is a file format that is used for distributing and installing the application on a mobile device. 

Instrumentation Tester: Instrumentation tester is a test case runner that is responsible for running test cases on a target app. It consists of tools for building tests and an SDK equipment that helps apes write programs responsible for controlling android devices. For example: Monkey Runner. 

Test Package: Test package mainly consists of two different classes namely mock objects and test case classes, in which the test case classes are comprised of test methods that are to be performed on a target app, whereas a mock object comprises mock data that needs to be used as sample input data while running test cases. 

The iOS testing framework XCTest consists of various components which are as follows: 

• XCTest Case: The fundamental framework for a test case is provided by this class. It contains techniques for establishing and dismantling tests as well as techniques for claiming that particular requirements are satisfied. 
• XCTest Expectation: It defines the requirements for asynchronous testing. 
• XCUI Application: This provides a user interface for engaging with user interface components like buttons, textboxes, and tags in iOS apps. 
• XCUI Element: This represents just one UI component in an application. It offers ways to communicate with it and search for the item. 
• XCTest Assertion: This group of operations is used to confirm the test cases' anticipated results. 
• XCTest Performance: By keeping track of how long it takes to run particular sections of the code, this is used to evaluate how well the program performs. 
• XCTest Suite: Various test cases are compiled into a unified unit using this type for simple administration and implementation. 
• XCTest Runner: Running test cases, presenting the findings, and delivering the general framework for the testing phase are all the responsibilities of this module. 

Appium is one of the leading open-source test automation frameworks that enable testers to perform cross-platform native test automation on mobile devices. It allows for testing on both Android and iOS platforms. It was built upon the Selenium test framework in order to provide automated testing options for mobile applications.

Testing and programming experts who are already acquainted with Selenium will discover the switch to Appium rather simply because it is based on the exact same JSON protocol.  With its additional features, it is possible to test native, web, and hybrid mobile applications that are running on both the Android and iOS operating systems. Individuals are not required to download any additional applications on their devices to enable Appium tests because they are independent of language. Users of Appium receive ongoing assistance for resolving their problems from a sizable and active community.

To fully appreciate the advantages of test automation, Appium users must become comfortable with the new scripting language and understand the best ways to query their system. The training time is accelerated by the requirement that users grasp native app selection ideas and the Appium framework in order to fully exploit Appium's capability for native app testing.

It's a testing framework that allows the testing of Android apps on JVM without the need for an emulator or testing device. 

Its key characteristics are as follows: 

Without the app being launched on a gadget or emulator, it provides us with the ability to run tests inside Android Studio. The real miracle of Robolectric lies in Shadow Classes, which are rewritten versions of the Android standard library. It is a copy of the Android class with a few useful functions revealed. Amazing, isn't it? You could test features of Android like: 

• Activity
• Services
• Broadcast Receive

The mobile app security testing has 4 important modules as follows: 

• Discovery: The pentester must conduct discovery in order to gather data that is necessary for comprehending the circumstances that result in the successful operation of mobile apps. 
• Assessment: The penetration tester assesses or analyzes the mobile app's code to look for potential points of entry and weak spots that could be taken advantage of. 
• Exploitation: Exploitation is the process by which the pentester makes use of the security vulnerabilities to leverage the mobile phone app in a way that was not originally planned by the coder. 
• Reporting: Its methodology's final stage, reporting, entails documenting and displaying the issues that have been found in a manner that is acceptable to management. A penetration test and an attack are distinguished from one another at this stage. 

A staple in Mobile Testing Interview questions and answers, be prepared to answer this one. As the name suggests, it is essentially a test to see what kind of performance a software offers when it is forced to perform under a load that is greater than it is capable of handling or tolerating. What features and functions the software in question supports doesn't really matter in this case. One of the main goals of this testing is to identify variables that could enhance the functionality of the app rather than errors that affect functionality. It differs from other testing methods in this way. Perf Testing is another name for this testing.

• Platform Testing: Platform testing is a type of port testing that is done to make sure the application is compatible with various platforms and operating systems and functions properly just the way it has been designed for. Developers test an app on various platforms or operating systems as well as various versions of the same platforms or operating systems because different systems have different characteristics that might potentially affect the app’s performance if left unchecked. 
• Device Testing: Device testing is a type of port testing that is done to make sure the application is compatible with various devices and functions properly just the way it has been designed for. Developers test an app on various devices or different models of the same device in order to ensure that the application’s performance is not hindered in any way. 

There's nothing wrong with stating that security is important and that it is among the key elements determining the total number of users. Applications must deal with a large amount of user data, which frequently contains some personal information. Therefore, security testing is crucial because it simply ensures that users can trust the application. Cybercrimes are on the rise, attackers are finding new ways to steal important information for Ransome, and this has caused application developers to be more concerned about the security of the application. The main goal of performing security testing on a mobile application is to identify potential security threats or data breaches and make sure the app is protected from all sorts of cyberattacks, ransomware attacks, data leaks, and more.

Below mentioned are some of the most common challenges faced during application testing. 

• Device Fragmentation: The biggest problem the application development team is trying to solve is device fragmentation. It alludes to a program running on a variety of hardware and operating systems. 
• Different Screen Resolutions: The amount of devices designed to cater to various user groups has increased along with the growth in mobile users. Newer smartphones come in a variety of screen sizes and resolutions to give users a wider range of options. 
• Updated Device Models: Smartphone users grow significantly each year. To accommodate this growth, a wide variety of mobile models are readily available today. It is expected that developers will produce a smooth-running, compatible app. The description of gadgets for which applications have to be tested is too long and contains too many models with various device configurations. The use of only emulators and simulators does not completely solve this ever-increasing task. 
• Testing Apps In Staged Environment: Staging is the final step in the delivery phase even before an app is released to production in a software development process. Even though the app is tested by the developers before being given to the test team, it must still undergo extensive testing before being put into use. 
• Mobile Network Issues: Fast internet is enjoyable for a tech team to use, but not all end users agree. A rise in smartphone usage suggests that it has also reached suburban areas, where speed is medium. While traveling to remote locations when the connections are unstable, mobile users would also require certain features. 
• Real User Condition Test: The main disadvantage of emulators and simulation software for testing apps is that they simulate the atmosphere of real devices but do not offer testing under actual user circumstances. Since their benefits are constrained, real devices should never be seen as a replacement for emulators and simulators. 
• Consistent User-experience: Both the UI and the application's features and functionality must be designed with the user in mind. These requirements must be met in order to provide an uniform user experience. Trying to make the layout and functionality work together seamlessly is not always easy. 

In general, the problem depends upon that distinct OS/device version; the same thing may work with one OS version but not on another. As an illustration, we encountered a problem whereby our application was perfectly alright on iOS 6.x gadgets but crashed when a few modules were tapped on iOS 5.x gadgets.

Yes, there are always some things that users need to be aware of. The very first point to do is to confirm that each tool has been installed correctly. The next consideration is to make sure that the app launches even if there is no internet access. The next step is to pay close attention towards the application's alignment, which occasionally requires users to just uninstall it. The next step will be for the users to confirm that now the software performs as expected when operating on a separate device and document its response.

There are numerous testing tools accessible, including test automation offerings like Selenium, open-source platforms like Appium, and the test IO framework. Selecting the right testing tool can make or break the release of your iPhone application.

When the interviewer asks you this kind of mobile functional testing interview questions, then all you have to do is, take a moment to think back on all the testing procedures you have performed previously and create a detailed narration of your experience with all those procedures like below to help the interviewer understand what all things you have done as a tester and determine your qualifications.

Installation must be done first, followed by checks of the application's fundamental functionality and connectivity-related items before the build is uninstalled to see how the application reacts to interruptions made during installation and disruptions scenarios made when the application requests a network call. During network calls, we test for low network and poor connectivity as well. Upgrade to a newer version from an earlier one. If the software supports it, you can navigate without a network. The application's compatibility with various phone types, including those with external buttons and those without them and phones beyond this flip phone.

The monkey process merely ensures that individuals have access to configuration settings without encountering any difficulties. Additionally, it merely verifies that all of the error-handling options are accessible. Additionally, users can quickly understand the operational limitations. They are used to test if an application is stable and robust. It is done by simulating a large number of unpredictable scenarios and inputs. Monkey tools are used to test various things such as testing the stress levels of an app, random input testing to find bugs, automation testing, for overall coverage of an app, and simulating various kinds of user behaviors.

The first feature of the automated test tool is assistance for multiple platforms, allowing even prospective user needs to be conveniently met. The script must be highly usable overall, and the instrument should meet some simple or complicated unlocked bootloader requirements. This is due to the fact that some users frequently install a custom ROM on their devices, which frequently violates MDM laws and causes problems. The tool's capacity to support the new OS versions comes next. The device ought to be capable of providing the program code, if at all possible.

• When Flexibility is Required: Though manual processes give testers more operational flexibility, they are not always as precise as automation. This frequently implies that the exact code and scripts will be employed every time since test automation is intrinsically useful for repetitive cases. According to Base36, creating test cases, using the automation tool to program them, and afterward trying to run the test are all time-consuming if testers would like to work on an idea those who have straight away. In this situation, manual processes would be simpler and quicker to carry out. Base36 said, "With testing tools, you can just test rapidly and observe the results. "Setting up automated tests takes more time, which prevents you from 
• For Active Short Term Projects: Automation calls for significant investment and planning both of which may not be necessary for quick projects. This project's automation could cost too much upfront compared to the value and investment return it will provide. In this case, the testing process would be less expensive and more profitable overall. In short-term projects, where the cost of setting up automation outweighs the benefits, Overbaugh said, "test automation will not really make sense." I've worked on small projects that only added a few features and shared very little or no code with other people. 
• Testing Usability: The user experience of an application can make a big difference in whether it succeeds or fails. To ensure there are no defects, this goes far beyond simply having to run automated tests. Computer systems cannot offer the same kind of suggestions that a human operator would when utilizing an app because they execute pre-programmed actions rather than thinking independently. Automated tests, for instance, can quickly identify coding errors, but they cannot predict how users will interact with a particular trait or how well users will be able to use the program.
  Users' experiences with a software tool's functionality could be a significant determinant of whether or not additional users embrace the app. This is the kind of data that would come from manual testing. Explorative and user experience testing will require human perceptions, according to application development, because computers "are wonderful at infallible repetition, but much less efficacious at discovering and trying to follow gut instincts." This might make it easier to identify and fix bugs as soon as they occur when users interact with the app in particular ways. 

Testing mobile apps by leveraging a cloud infrastructure is referred to as "cloud-based" mobile application testing. Its examples include utilizing a cloud-based testing environment, testing datasets, and automated test tools. Without having to have any actual devices on hand, the cloud-based mobile application testing process enables testing to be performed on a variety of platforms and devices, including several models of smartphones and tablets.

Mobile application testing can be done on real devices, in simulation environments, or using emulators in a cloud-based mobile application testing process. There are a huge number of devices to test on because they may be found in various geolocations and made accessible in remote locations.

Application performance can be evaluated by running tests in various network environments. To ensure smooth and efficient performance across all types of networks, I verify apps on 2G, 3G, 4G, as well as WIFI networks. Testing mobile apps on various networks is a crucial aspect of testing mobile applications. 

Testing a mobile application in different network environments and connectivity levels helps to identify various issues such as: 

• Latency in data sharing and receiving done by the application 
• Data ingestion capacity of the application at a given time. 
• Data leakage occurs during the transmission process, also known as data packet loss. 
• Variations in latency. 

Despite the fact that businesses are developing mobile applications and reimagining their strategy. Still, a sizable portion of users prefer to use a web device to access websites or web applications as opposed to the mobile application itself. You must therefore incorporate mobile browser testing into your entire test strategy. For instance, despite having a mobile app, many people still use the mobile browser to access Amazon. Users utilize mobile web browsers to access web applications for a variety of reasons, including lack of available app storage capacity and reluctance to grant authorizations. 

When conducting mobile testing, you should keep the following in mind: 

• Different configurations: Any web application ought to function in a variety of mobile web browsers and variants. 
• User experience: Developers must make sure that customer experience is not compromised when using a mobile browser to navigate the app or website. 
• Effective security: Users anticipate safe and secure personal data transfers on mobile websites due to the prevalence of cyberattacks. Therefore, mobile web apps are subjected to end-to-end vulnerability scanning. Data security is ensured by security testing, which assists in locating any dangers and flaws in the app. 
• Compatibility: Since there are now so many different screen sizes and resolutions, it is anticipated that the application will function properly on all devices. To ensure this, fits into the overall should be given top priority. 
• Scalability: When obtained from a mobile browser, a website or app shouldn't crash. It should go through load testing with increasing and decreasing user loads to make sure of this. 
• Localization: When obtained from a mobile browser, an app or website should follow the target nation's or region's provincial settings. In order to make sure the software helps balance the language and cultural facets of a specific region, location testing is necessary. 

The easiest way you can use to test CPU usage on mobile is that both Android and iOS provide an in-built option to monitor the system usage. In order to monitor, you need to go to phone setting and there the mobile phone provides various options to check different kinds of usage by the system. You can access all the information related to CPU usage in the phone settings.

And the other way is by using third-party software built to monitor CPU usage on the mobile phone; You can download the application such as CPU Monitor, CPU Stats, CPU-Z, and other sophisticated tools such as these from either the app store or Google Play, both of which are widely available. These tools keep historical records of the processes which are running on the device.

Without end-to-end testing, you run the risk of your entire application failing if one of those supporting systems breaks. Consider the situation where you are using an online store to buy software. Your procedure may reflect the following from your end-user perspective: 

• Access website 
• Go to the pricing page by clicking through. 
• Put the items you want in your shopping cart and then click "Check out." 
• Go to a payment page and enter your name, credit card number, home address, and phone number. 
• Select "Submit" to complete the purchase.

Below mentioned are the Five metrics that need to be considered before undertaking the sanity check on mobile applications: 

• Verify if the mobile application can perform well as it is intended to across different platforms. 
• Verify if the mobile application can perform well as it is intended to in various network environments and connectivity levels. 
• Check if the mobile application is working well after updates or after installation. 
• Verify if the mobile application allows for background calls or cross app usage functionality. 
• Check if the mobile application is compliant with the media.

One of the notable Qualities of any successful application is that they offer easy-to-use User Interfaces. Therefore usability of the application needs to be verified in order to make it work smoothly across various resolutions and dimensions. Testing a mobile application under different screen resolutions is important to make sure it performs appropriately across various screen sizes, in multi-column layouts, in picture in picture modes, comprehensive table like layouts, and split modes.

The right approach is using emulators for testing applications made for devices with different screen sizes.

By installing and downloading the app, you can verify that it has been started.

Check to see if the mobile application's display can be adjusted to fit the screen of the gadget and if all of the application's menus are operational.

• Make sure the mobile application's text is readable and understandable. 
• Ensure the font sizes are appropriately fitting the screen size of the mobile device. 
• Ensure users can read the sentence and UX content with ease. 

Verify that the software display is flexible and compatible with the different display modes such as portrait and landscape mode and make sure the mobile app is able to seamlessly switch between these modes through both automated and manual modes.

Make sure the app doesn't prevent the other applications on the mobile phone from operating.