Magento 2 Interview Questions and Answers for 2024 Database

The open-source relational database management system MySQL is used by Magento 2. It is an entity attribute value (EAV) model-compliant database that may be completely customized. With the use of data encoding, this architecture can store vast volumes of data while using less storage space. The EAV model has tables containing metadata that can classify goods based on their characteristics. This keeps the store architecture well-structured and web-friendly.

The Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) and representation state transfer are supported by Magento 2 API framework (REST). It can maximize web services to interact with Magento system more effectively. There are three methods of authentication available with Magento 2 API. You can authenticate using your login credentials as an administrator or client. Tokens can be used by mobile applications for authentication whereas OAuth 1.0a can be used by third-party applications. The designated resources are accessible to all accounts and integrations. API framework verifies the call's authorization before executing a request. 

For the purpose of preserving mobile bandwidth, the framework allows the field filtering of web API answers. To improve the efficiency of integration, you can enable a web API to run many services simultaneously.

It's no surprise that this one pops up often in Magento 2 interview questions.  

What are the best practices in Magento 2 programming Magento 2 programming gets complicated at times. Hence one must follow some standardized practices: 

1. It is mandatory to keep the code in order, it helps in preventing bugs in the code and also alleviates the problem of code duplication. 
2. Following object oriented programming principles can help reduce the complexity. 
3. Another good practice is to follow a consistent nomenclature for folders, files, methods and classes. Using object composition instead of inheritance makes it easier to maintain the extension in case of updates or changes. 
4. Testing the functionality of the code reduces the chances of bugs in the future.

A common question in Magento 2 technical interview questions, don't miss this one.  

There are various ways to improve the performance of Magento 2: 

1. Install the most recent Magento 2 version to enable header compression, multiple server requests, and simultaneous resource loading through the http/2 protocol. 
2. Performance can be improved by enabling cache, content delivery network and Gzip compression. 
3. To analyze and improve the performance of the site while it is being developed, downloading the free MGT developer toolbar can be helpful. 
4. Turning on Varnish Cache Web accelerator, using production mode and turning off unnecessary modules can help in boosting up the performance. 
5. Data is stored in Excel-like manner in Magento, hence when limits are reached it pours out the extra data, which reduces speed significantly. To avoid this enabling Flat Catalog Category and Flat Catalog Product can be helpful. 

Open-source and equipped with a wide range of features and extensions, Magento is an e-commerce platform. It is a framework which consists of  PHP libraries, codes and other essential features required to create e-commerce websites. Through Magento technology one can manage  versatile online shopping portal's design, content, and features. They use databases like MariaDB, MySQL etc. 

The newest version of Magento, Magento 2, was released to address defects and performance issues with Magento 1. Magento 1 was the previous version available for use. The new version functions 25% more quickly and smoothly than Magento 1. 

Magento 2 works with PHP versions 5.5, 5.6 and 7. It also works with technologies such as HTML5, CSS, Apache, JQuery, Ngnix etc.

Magento 2 possess the following limitations: 

1. It consumes large space in the memory. During heavy processing, it consumes gigabytes of RAM. 
2. As it is written in PHP, it can sometimes be slow in comparison to other platform 
3. Magento 2.0 will not support all Magento 1.x extensions. The extensions must be bought and integrated into Magento 2. 
4. While Magento 2 Enterprise Edition costs money, Magento 2 Community Edition is free. Magento 2 Enterprise Edition is a paid product. 
5. The cost of development for Magento 2 is extremely high for custom development.

Magento 2 consists of three components: 

1. Module: It is a directory with files in the forms of blocks, helpers, controllers, and models that are written in PHP and XML. It is a logical group that gives Magento applications crucial business functionalities. 
2. Themes: The visual component of Magento applications is made up of templates, layouts, pictures, and styles. Be aware that Magento offers themes as add-on packages. 
3. Language Packages: These are another independent Magento component. The entire dictionary is typically contained in a single directory in language packages. 

One of the most frequently posed Magento2 interview questions, be ready for it.  

Model-View-Controller, or MVC, is a framework that divides an application into three parts: Model, View, and Controller. Separating business logic, user interface, and data access is its core goal. 

1. Model: This is the layer for system modeling. Its primary function is to manage data persistence and system business rules. To obtain the data, the Model will interface with the database. 
2. View: This is in charge of how user information, including product pages, is displayed to the user. Layout files that combine blocks, containers, and UI elements into a page for a web browser to display are in charge of controlling the View.  
3. Controller: This layer outlines the primary requests, actions, and answers from clients that have the potential to modify the model's status and produce the data view for the model layer. Controllers control how pages move and how forms are submitted. 

Magento 2 has various versions available. Some versions are open source while a price needs to be paid for others. Online retailers favor Magento 2 Community Edition over Magento 2 Enterprise Edition, primarily due to price. 

The various versions of Magento 2 are as follows: 

1. Magento  Community Edition 
2. Magento  Enterprise Edition 
3. Magento  Professional Edition 
4. Magento  .go Edition 

A staple in Magento 2 frontend interview questions, be prepared to answer this one.  

Entity-Attribute-Value is referred to as EAV. To increase the functionality of the Magento application, EAV properties are used. The majority of the time, objects with EAV attributes save their values in MySQL tables. Following is a description of each component of EAV: 

• Entity: It stands for the items, orders, groups of items, and clients, among other things. In databases, there will be a record for each entity. 
• Attribute: It offers data on entities, which is an attribute. Examples of qualities that a product might have are its name, price, stock level, etc. 
• Value: A value is what an attribute is worth.

Magento 2 is an extremely versatile platform. It comes with solid security, simple third-party integration, high performance, pre-developed extensions, and other features. Some of the striking features of Magento 2 are: 

1. Analytics and reporting 
2. Product Management 
3. Inventory Management 
4. Order Management 
5. Payment and Shipping 
6. Site Management 
7. Search Engine Optimization 
8. Customer Accounts 
9. Catalog Management 
10. Mobile commerce 

The websites created with this e-commerce platform promise fantastic user experiences, like safe transactions, real-time tracking, easy navigation, and many others. 

Any function that starts with two underscores (__) is known as the magic method. With magic methods, you can call any function automatically. There is no need to call functions explicitly to execute codes in these functions. You can call Magic methods to check, set, unset, and retrieve data. 

The following is the list of Magic Methods: 

1. get()- When we want to obtain values for class property, we call this function. 
2. set()- When we want to set values for class property, we call this function. 
3. construct()- Following the creation of an object, this function is automatically invoked. 
4. destruct()- When an object has no other references, this method is invoked. 
5. call()- When an object's undefined or inaccessible method is called, this method is invoked. 

The idea of a "code pool" is to gather code in a systematic style for Magento. It is specified, when a new module is registered in app/etc/modules/Company_Module.xml. You can tell the system which code pool the module will be drawn from and enable or disable the module by creating an XML file. 

Magento has three different kinds of code pools as below: 

• Core: Modules released with the standard Magento version make up the platform's core functionality. 
• Community: It includes modules created by outside parties. 
• Local: Locally created modules, such as code substitutions for the Mage framework. 

This question is a regular feature in Magento 2 frontend interview questions, be ready to tackle it.  

The name of a layout file is represented by a layout handle. There are three different kinds of layout handles, as follows: 

• Page-type Layout Handle: This handle aids in determining the page type. For instance, the Magento application's product pages are identified using the catalog product view variable. 
• Page Layout Handle: This handle is used to identify particular pages. As an illustration, the product ID 128 of catalog product view type simple id is utilized to identify a specific product. 
• Arbitrary Handle: It is used by other handles even though it doesn't define a page type. 

This is a frequently asked question in Magento2 interview questions.  

All website pages are managed via Magento CMS (Content Management System) area. By giving customers useful information, helps to promote the products and improves their visibility in search results. CMS pages, CMS widgets and CMS blocks are some of the features offered by CMS. These features are as follows: 

1. Selecting layout designs and templates is possible by using CMS pages. Any scale of content can be stored utilizing CMS pages, regardless of whether it is a text type or media type. 
2. In CMS pages, you can insert blocks. They usually include information on the product, such as the cost of shipping, etc. Please take note that you cannot access them on your own. 
3. CMS blocks and pages both support the insertion of CMS Widgets. 

Expect to come across this popular question in Magento 2 tricky interview questions.  

Object Relational Mapping, or ORM, is a database-related concept. Models are how ORM is represented in Magento, and there are three different types of models. The following is a list of them: 

• Models that use illogical data 
• Models that use XML databases 
• Models that utilize SQL databases. 

Models are how ORM appears in Magento (in Magento design pattern MVC). The majority of models derive from Varien Object class and use the magic PHP _get and _set procedures to store and retrieve object data. In Magento, there are two types of ORM: 

• Convert different types of data to objects. 
• Convert objects to various types of data. 

Default, Developer, and Production are Magento 2's three default operating modes. 

• Default: In the default mode, errors are only shown in the log file and not in clipboards. Magento 2 also caches static files in this mode. Keep in mind that neither the production environment nor the development environment employ this mode. 
• Developer Mode: It is a slower mode that is employed by developers. In this mode, Magento 2 does debugging and code compilation. This mode, it should be noted, does not cache static files. 
• Production Mode: This is a quicker mode that is used in that setting. When operating in this mode, Magento 2 caches all view files, logs errors, and combines JavaScript into a bundle.

It is the system that enables financial exchanges between a Magento application and outside payment service providers. The following steps are taken by Magento Payment Gateway in relation to payment transactions: 

• Refund: This refers to the reimbursing of previously withdrawn  
• Authorize: This refers to approving transactions and preventing money from leaving a customer's account. 
• Sale: This involves carrying outputs. 
• Void: It deals with stopping fund transactions. 

The Page layout determines the key components of page design and the organizational structure of a webpage. Containers act as placeholders on websites. Blocks are the UI elements contained within containers. By choosing the relevant containers and blocks from an XML file, Magento web pages are built. 

Each page in your business has a certain layout made up of sections or containers that designate the header, footer, and content areas. Each page's layout will determine whether it has one, two, three, or more columns. It can be viewed as a floor plan for a page

The two editions of Magento 2 are as follows: 

1. Magento 2 Community Edition – also called Magento 2 Open-Source 
2. Magento 2 Enterprise Edition – also called Magento 2 Commerce.

A must-know for anyone heading into a Magento2 interview, this question is frequently asked in Magento 2 interview questions.  

A sales order is automatically created in the database whenever a customer puts an order as a temporary record to provide an account of the transaction. The order status is indicated as ‘pending’ until the payment is completed for a purchase. The order status changes from pending to complete once the customer makes payment for the purchase. A life cycle is followed by Order Process. The diagram below shows the Order Lifecycle in Magento 2.

It's no surprise that this one pops up often in Magento 2 tricky interview questions.  

The Order Management System (OMS) of Magento controls orders, inventories, product sales, and many other things. It offers good visibility into all of the product delivery and inventories. With the help of Magento OMS's business intelligence, you may learn more about orders, returns, shipments, payments, etc. As a result, it offers company advantages like cost savings, improved customer satisfaction, and ensuring that items are accessible in marketplaces at the appropriate moment. 

OMS strives to provide a standardized and feature-rich shopping experience while centralizing global inventory, sourcing items for fulfillment intelligently, and managing orders. OMS skillfully orchestrates and executes an order from the moment a customer clicks to buy a good until it is delivered or picked up. 

You must modify Magento Base URL setting in the admin area to accomplish that. To do this, go to System > Configuration in your Magento admin area and select Web from the left menu. The URL that will be used for standard (HTTP) connections can be changed by selecting the Unsecure option and then editing the base URL field.

Before investing in a Magento multi-store solution, avoid any potential drawbacks: 

1. As the XML tree needs to be constructed for every site, take into account your server's resources. Applying dedicated servers with necessary specifications will make sense to satisfy the demand. 
2. Don't forget about SEO, as duplicate material may become an issue. 

Magento is one of the most popular open source e-commerce platform as it is robust, flexible and scalable. There are several advantages of the platform for the ecommerce stores: 

1. Customizable: Everything can be customized using Magento, from the store's visual style to how its product categories are set up. It offers a wide range of options to choose from a variety of payment, shipment and language to provide a great  user experience to the customer. 
2. East Content Management: Content management is extremely flexible. It helps the store owners to customize their products and provide a user-friendly access to the store. 
3. SEO- Friendly Platform: The platform is developed in a manner to provide best SEO results. It contains a pre-built SEO-centric URL with meta description features. Easy product description along with product page optimization is one of the key advantages of Magento 2. 
4. Faster Loading Speed: Magento provides fast loading speed for web pages as compared to other ecommerce development platforms. Loading speed decides the sales and conversion rate. 

Due to the above features Magento 2 is a preferred e-commerce development platform. 

The entire EAV database model has been homogenized. Since each column's value is kept in a separate data type table, joining five or six different tables is necessary even if you only need one piece of information. Columns in EAV are referred to as characteristics.

A flat model just makes use of one table. It takes up more database space and is not normalized. It is not a viable solution for dynamic requirements where you could need to add extra columns down the road. Its performance is quick because it simply requires one query rather than joining five to six tables. Columns are referred to as fields in a flat form.

A staple in Magento 2 technical interview questions, be prepared to answer this one.  

There are a lot of design patterns available in Magento 2. It increases the readability of the code, which in turn helps in development. These patterns are reusable and help in solving commonly occurring problems.

1. Model View Controller Pattern (MVC): It utilizes a DOM based configuration layer. XML is used to drive the configuration and actions of the application in addition to MVC architecture. 
2. Front Controller: It helps in implementing workflow Magento applications. It has a single point of entry for all requests. 
3. Factory View: Instantiation of classes is done using this view in Magento. In Magento, a class is created by using the relevant method and giving the class name, followed by an abstract name that represents a class group. Class groups and the proper abstractions for each group are declared in our configuration XML files located in the /etc/ subdirectory of our module. 
4. Singleton Pattern: The Singleton pattern is instantiated for Blocks and Classes in a manner similar to Magento's factory class abstraction and class groups. It is useful to limit the finite number of connections in a database. 
5. Registry Pattern: Any object or piece of data can be made available in a global public scope for any resource using the registry pattern. The internal registry, a global scoped data storage container, houses all singleton patterns. 
6. Prototype Pattern: The Abstract Factory pattern is expanded upon using the prototype pattern. It makes sure that the right types are allocated to an object and that the right subclass is instantiated. 
7. Object Pool Pattern: The object pool pattern is essentially a box holding objects so they don't need to be allocated and deleted repeatedly. Instead of repeatedly instantiating and discarding the same things, it maintains them available for usage at all times. It is an excellent approach to reducing memory usage. 
8. Iterator Pattern: The iterator pattern is a design pattern that enables the specification of an iterator and permits the passing of numerous different sets of data without altering the underlying structure that permits iteration. This is handled by the Varien Data Collection in Magento. 
9. Lazy Loading Pattern: A design strategy known as lazy loading holds off on loading an object until the object is needed. They do not use Magento with objects. 
10. Service Locator Pattern: By wrapping the procedure inside an abstraction layer, the service locator pattern is a design pattern that enables a user to obtain a service. This enables the user to retrieve the best or most suited services without being aware of what those services are beforehand. 
11. Module Pattern: The module pattern fundamentally states that various domains are divided into independent modules that can be inserted into the main system as necessary and work independently of one another. 
12. Observer Pattern: The observer pattern is activated at a specific time while an application is running. 

Magento 2 generates five types of reports: 

• Sales Report 
• Marketing Report 
• Review Report 
• Customer Report 
• Product News 

At the programmer level for both PHP and Magento 2 software, composer serves as a package manager in Magento 2. Magento offers a common framework for managing the dependencies of the Magento 2 application and necessary libraries. Composer enables for library autoloading and the installation of PHP programs from the "Packagist" database.

Magento project's composer file handles its libraries and dependencies and facilitates installing them in the vendor directory. Version dependencies are thus kept in the composer.lock file. For each package in the dependency tree, these dependencies must adhere to the version requirements.

To produce a single include path that will improve performance, you can use Magento's compilation feature to compile every file in an installation. Only production mode requires compilation. You do not need to conduct compilation if you are developing. 

The following features are included in the Magento code compilation. 

1. Code Generation for Repositories 
2. Interception Cache Generation 
3. Application Code Generation for Proxies and Factories 
4. Area Configuration Aggregation. 
5. Service Data Attribute Generation 

One of Magento 2's features is the registry pattern, which makes objects and data accessible in the public scope. These objects and data can thus be used by any resource. For instance, the internal registry, which serves as the global-scoped container for data storage, can be used to store all singleton patterns.

In this case, objects and data are registered using the Mage::register function. Using the mage::unregister function, you can register data and objects in reverse.

Google offers the online payment processing service known as Google Checkout. Online stores can integrate Magento with Google Checkout. Similar to PayPal, it makes payment for internet goods simple. Customers must have a Google Checkout merchant account to utilize Google Checkout.

The procedures listed below assist in setting up a Magento store with Google Checkout: 

• Login into the Magento Admin Panel. 
• Go to the System menu and click on Configuration option. 
• On the left side of the navigation bar, click on the Google API under sales section 
• The Google Analytics panel can be expanded to reveal some parameters, including 
  • To enable the payment method, set the Enable option to Yes. 
  • Google Analytics and Universal Analytics are the two types available under the type choice. 
  • Your account number is recognized by Account Number. 
  • Set the Enable IP Anonymization option to Yes. 

After done with the settings, click on the Save Config button on the top right corner of the page to save the changes that you have made. 

This question is a regular feature in Magento 2 tricky interview questions, be ready to tackle it.  

To alter a Magento core API configuration, you must follow the below instructions:  

1. Go to the Admin menu and  select System -> Configuration. 
2. On the Configuration Panel's left side, under Services, click Magento Core API. 
3. Expand the General Settings area by clicking. 
4. To use the default response charset, type its name. 
5. Determine the Client Session Timeout in seconds. 
6. Click the save config button when done. 

Both SOAP and XML RPC protocols are supported by Magento Core API. The Customer, Catalog, and Order modules of your store are accessible through the permission-based API. By default, the API default character set is UTF-8, and the timeout for client sessions is 3600 seconds. 

Patches are typically collections of essential files that are needed to fix online programmers' security flaws. By replacing the existing translations, connect patches in Magento make it simpler to install packages. For instance, Magento makes its apps more secure by using HTTP rather than FTP to obtain extensions. 

The following benefits are obtained by applying Connect Patches: 

1. During installation, make it possible for packages to be installed quickly and overwrite any translations that may already be in place. 
2. To improve security, Magento Connect downloads extensions using HTTP by default as opposed to FTP. 
3. Allowing the dash character in the name of new extensions will help the extension developers. 
4. Anyone attempting to install an extension with insufficient file system access will  be alerted to the Magento administrators. 

There are several reasons why the folder structure in Magento is significant. A couple of them are listed below: 

1. The many files and resources of the Magento application are organized, which makes it simpler to find and maintain them. 
2. It offers a distinct division of labor as well as a hierarchy of files and resources, which makes it possible for the Magento application to run efficiently. 
3. By enabling developers to insert new code and resources in the proper places, it helps to guarantee that the Magento application can be readily extended and changed. 
4. By keeping private files and resources isolated from those that are exposed to the general public, the Magento application's security and stability are improved. 

A composer.json file that contains the list of components and their dependencies makes up a metapackage. Metapackage acts as the root package when many packages are used in a Magento application's extensions. As a result, metapackage will manage these packages collectively. 

A package of your extension should be created by performing a zip operation on the directory with your extension. To package a component: 

• Create a Magento Composer file (composer.json) 
• Register the component using registration.php 
• Package and publish your component. 

Magento Profiler, or MAGE PROFILER supports two main tasks. Enabling integrated profiler dependency charts being shown on a Magento website.

Additionally, the built-in profiler provides performance analysis. A collection of item dependents, their dependencies, dependencies for dependencies, and so forth is all that a dependency graph is about.

It can provide us with a wealth of information on the specific code blocks that contribute to a page loading slowly, including how long it takes for each block to finish its job. The type of profiling we do is determined on the analytical techniques we employ. Magento now supports a variety of formats, including HTML, CSV, and Firebug.

Dependency injection is a design approach supported by Magento 2 that enables specifying object A's dependencies on object B. Because it is an external object, object B gives object A dependencies. Dependency injection essentially takes the place of Magento 1's functionality in a Magento application.

One should use abstractions in their code and adhere to the dependency inversion approach to reduce code dependencies. This means that instead of directly interacting with low-level classes,  high-level classes should make use of their interfaces.

When Magento modifies the underlying implementation of certain interfaces, the danger of incompatibility errors is decreased by using interfaces in the code. It also enables one to concentrate on a class's functionality rather than its implementation.

Before doing an upgrade, this program is used to find potential code issues and repair them. In other words, it is a command-line tool that locates important problems, errors, and warnings in codes and fixes them before upgrading.

The store owner can use the Upgrade Compatibility Tool to detect potential customizations in advance of upgrading Magento Commerce, which makes the process more transparent and lowers the cost of performing regular upgrades.

The Upgrade Compatibility Tool is currently available in alpha form and can be obtained as a composer from the Magento repository.

Origin Cloaking is a security feature that shields cloud resources from slow traffic, including DDoS attacks. This feature makes sure that all network traffic passes through the internal Web Application Firewall (WAF) in the load balancer and the fastly Web Application Firewall (WAF).

In general, the composer file facilitates installing the libraries and dependencies in the vendor directory and handles the dependencies and libraries of a Magento project. In this method, version dependencies are kept in the composer.lock file. The versions requirements for each package in the dependency tree must be met by these dependencies.

Magento compiles numerous scripts into a small number of JavaScript bundles when bundling is enabled. The Magento website then downloads these bundles for each page. In this case, browsers carry out the downloading in sync. Magento pauses page rendering while bundles are downloading until they are all finished.

The best element of bundling is that we could choose where to load a given bundle. For instance, we want to bundle everything relevant to checkout and just load it on the checkout page.

The four steps listed below are used to package a component in Magento 2. 

1. Setting up the composer.json file for Magento 
2. Registering a component using the registration.php file's assistance 
3. Creating and putting the component together 
4. viewing a composer.json sample file. 

If you want to build newsletters for your website, you must configure Newsletter in the backend. Newsletters are crucial tools for keeping customers informed about your business's activity, especially when it comes to sales, discounts, and loyalty programmes. Additionally, using a tailored approach while communicating with your customers is a beneficial strategy. As a result, you can draw in new clients and remind existing ones of the brand. So creating newsletters is the ideal action to encourage consumer loyalty. 

You can specify a confirmation link in the setup for the consumers to click on in order to finish the subscription process. The double opt-in1 approach is the procedure that necessitates customers to complete an additional step to confirm the subscription.  

The four configuration options for newsletters in Magento 2 are as follows: 

• Setting up the options for newsletter subscription 
• Making templates for newsletters 
• Sending Newsletter Templates. 
• Setting up subscribers for a newsletter. 

The wise choice to help the stock management process and make online shopping more professional is to get additional stock for your products. Every product in your store has a stock setup option. The stock is set up so that customers can immediately determine whether a product is available without having to ask the retailer. "In Stock" and "Out of Stock" will designate this availability on the storefront. 

The following procedures should be followed to setup stock in Magento 2: 

• On the Admin panel select ,Stores > Settings > Configuration. 
• Select the Catalog> Inventory on the left-hand panel. 
• In the Stock options; 
  • Select Yes in the ‘Set Items' Status to be In Stock When Order is Cancelled’ when the order gets postponed and the product is returned. 
  • Set ‘Decrease Stock When Order is Placed’ to Yes whenever there is increase or decrease in the product's amount in the shopping cart. 
  • If you agree to include the product in the catalog even though it is out of stock, then select Yes for ‘Display Out of Stock Products’. 

Expect to come across this popular question in Magento 2 architect interview questions.  

The main distinction between Magento 1 and Magento 2 is that the latter is quicker, more user-friendly, and SEO-friendly. The latest PHP is supported by Magento 2, which increases the site's overall speed.

Compared to Magento 1, it can process more orders per hour and load pages more quickly. In addition to having cleaner code and a user-friendly UI, Magento 2 also has SEO-enhancing meta tag features. In Magento 1, they were absent.

Unlike Magento 1, Magento 2 now natively supports the most widely used payment gateways without the need for further integrations. Payment gateways, including PayPal, Braintree, and Authorize.net are supported.

Object-oriented programming, which has been around since PHP 5 and has many restrictions compared to other programming languages, is a relatively recent development. 

In Magento 1, the Mage class is used to implement and call nearly all objects. The Mage class is swapped out in Magento 2 by Object Manager. By establishing close connections between three patterns—object management, dependency injection, and plugins—this helps to address some of the issues that arise when you instantiate arguments. 

Use of standard PHP classes is not prohibited in Magento 2. To leverage the sophisticated object features of Magento 2, however, there will be need to employ  the object manager (automated function Object() { [native code] } dependency injection, object proxying, and so on). 

Tables, buttons, and dialogue boxes are just a few of the several front-end elements that are represented by Magento user interface (UI) components. Use pHTML templates with embedded JavaScript, XML layout, jQuery widgets, or UI elements to implement them.

Magento encourages the use of UI elements to create a positive user experience and guarantee the seamless operation of all website functionalities, especially those requiring asynchronous startup. This makes it possible for a Magento 2 developer to build more complex UI components out of simpler ones (e.g., for the store checkout page).

A must-know for anyone heading into a Magento2 interview, this question is frequently asked in Magento 2 advanced interview questions.  

Developer, Product, and Default deployment modes are the three that a Magento 2 developer needs to be aware of. 

• Developer- When you enable this mode, all files you save to the pub/static directory (apart from front-end errors) turn into symlinks to the original files. This mode makes the page load slowly, making it inappropriate for keeping an app in. 

On the other hand, because it increases the effectiveness of compilation and static loading, developers typically employ this mode for debugging. 

• Product- Every file in pub/static is created while the computer is in production mode. As the name suggests, this is the greatest mode to use for all phases of  development. 
• Default- Between the Developer and Production modes, Magento's default mode may be found. New files are created, however, this only happens when the front end needs a new asset. In the default mode, no file may be produced more than once.

The following actions must be taken in order to install a new theme to the Magento system: 

1. Create a directory called "your theme name" inside app/design/frontend/"your vendor name" 
2. Add the theme.xml declaration file, then create the etc directory. 
3. Make a view.xml file and add it to the theme directory. 
4. Include the registration.php and composer.json files. 
5. Create directories for fonts, CSS, JavaScript, and pictures. 
6. In the Admin page, set up your theme.

There are various techniques through which we can increase the functionality and change the behavior of Magneto 2 . 

Techniques that are used to improve the functionality are as follows: 

1. Overriding core-classes 
2. Using event and observers 
3. Creating custom modules 
4. Using third-party extensions 
5. Customizing the frontend

When code is generated, factory classes are also created. For models that depict database entities, they are generated automatically.

Since Magento discourages direct usage of Object Manager, feature records are created, retrieved, or changed using factory classes instead. Although they are not required, these classes can be manually defined if we want to define particular behavior.

Numerous extensions are available that may easily add blog capability to practically any Magento store. However, it is also carried out in a remarkable enough manner to support the preservation of the distinctive design that already works wonders for every ecommerce retailer. They are more than sufficient for SEO and ecommerce blogging. Blog sections will be visible in the Magento 2 dashboard once it is deployed, making it very simple for admin to handle.

The Magento Blog extension is incredibly handy and comes with a tone of functionality, but if I want further customization, I might want to create my own blog module.

• Primary Key- A primary key typically emphasizes the table's singularity. Every row in the database is individually distinguished by a column or collection of columns. It signifies there shouldn't be any duplicate values. Furthermore, it doesn't have a NULL value. 
• Foreign Key- Building a connection between the two tables typically involves the use of a foreign key. Data integrity maintenance between two different instances of an entity is the foreign key's primary goal. 

It's no surprise that this one pops up often in Magento 2 tricky interview questions 

You don't want your website to load slowly due to awkward code because Magento is a fairly complex platform. Because of this, a developer ought to be aware of and adhere to Magento development best practices: 

Create reusable code to avoid duplicating it, which is difficult to maintain. 

1. Create replaceable code to make updates and improvements simple. 
2. Be careful not to design assistance classes that go against the rules of object-oriented programming. 
3. Keep your name and case conventions consistent. 
4. Choosing composition over inheritance will make it simpler to maintain Magento extensions. 
5. Before making the code public, test it.

Although Magento 2.4 is the most recent version of the software, many retailers continue to use Magento 2.3. In particular, Magento 2.3 featured a novel declarative database schema method. Now, patches are coded as a separate PHP class, and all tables may be specified via.xml files. Building on that strategy, Magento 2.4 supports Elasticsearch as the catalog search solution. It also supports PHP 8.0 and provides new support in GraphQL. Additionally, declarative schema usage is the most recent trend in.

A common question in Magento 2 developer interview questions, don't miss this one.  

Using the Magento CLI, you can install and configure Magento primarily. The following are some examples: 

1. Installing commerce, building the deployment configuration, building the database schema, and changing the database schema. 
2. Managing indexes via reindexing and clearing caching 
3. Creating plug-in factories and interceptors; noticeably, they are of nonexistent classes 
4. Using static view files to deploy 
5. Putting together translation dictionaries and packages 
6. Creating the setup for dependency injection to support object management. 

The framework registers commands in accordance with the modularity strategy. Each module has the ability to add commands to the CLI, and the code stays in the module. Command development will become simple, and developers can benefit from dependency plugins, injections, and other features.