What is On-the-job training: Methods, Benefits, Challenges, and More

What are the Top 14 On-the-job Training Methods?

You can learn new skills by shadowing a senior colleague or performing tasks outside your usual role. There are plenty of ways to learn while you work, and each approach caters to a different need — be it hands-on practice, structured guidance, or quick rotations across departments.  

Below, you’ll find 14 on-the-job training methods and understand what makes them so effective. 

1. Orientation

Orientation is the first step to settling new hires into any workplace. It covers company rules, team introductions, and a general overview of day-to-day responsibilities. The main goal is to help people feel comfortable and ready to contribute.

How Does it Work?

• HR or team leads share the company’s culture, mission, and basic policies.
• New hires might tour the office, meet coworkers, and learn about available resources.
• There’s often a schedule of presentations or mini-sessions to clarify roles.
• Some organizations include “buddy systems” where a more experienced colleague answers questions.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Ask for a quick reference guide (like a short PDF or intranet page).
• Ask questions early on.
• Participate actively in group activities or Q&A sessions.

2. Shadowing

Shadowing involves observing a more experienced colleague as they go about their tasks. It gives you a ringside seat to see how work really gets done without diving straight into the deep end.

How Does it Work?

• You follow a seasoned coworker through their daily routine.
• You watch client interactions, task workflows, and how they solve problems.
• After each step, you can ask questions or clarify details.
• Eventually, you might take on small parts of the task under supervision.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Keep a notepad ready for quick notes.
• Ask for explanations of “why” and “how,” not just “what.”
• Try performing minor tasks to build confidence.

3. Mentoring

Mentoring pairs you with a senior team member who offers career advice, role-specific tips, and a supportive ear. It’s more than just learning tasks; it’s about overall professional growth.

How Does it Work?

• You meet regularly (weekly or monthly) to discuss challenges and goals.
• Your mentor shares best practices, real-life experiences, and lessons learned.
• You might get introduced to key people in the mentor’s network.
• Feedback often focuses on long-term skill building.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Set clear objectives for what you hope to learn.
• Be honest about any roadblocks you’re facing.
• Ask your mentor for reading suggestions or tools that can speed up your growth.

Also Read: How do I Find Mentors for Data Science?

4. Coaching

Coaching is more focused on immediate performance. A coach helps you refine specific skills, correct mistakes quickly, and push your limits in a shorter time frame than mentoring.

How Does it Work?

• You and the coach identify a specific goal (like improving your sales pitch).
• The coach observes your performance and points out strengths and weaknesses.
• You practice targeted techniques, then get direct, immediate feedback.
• Progress is often tracked through measurable milestones or KPIs.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Be open to constructive criticism. It speeds up improvement.
• Review your progress weekly or monthly to stay on track.

5. Job Rotation

Job rotation moves you through different roles or departments for a set period. This broadens your knowledge of how the entire organization functions.

How Does it Work?

• You spend a few weeks or months in one role, then shift to the next.
• Tasks vary greatly, letting you learn multiple skills.
• Supervisors in each department guide you through their specific processes.
• You gain insights into cross-functional teamwork.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Keep a journal of what you learn in each rotation.
• Ask how each role impacts the bigger goals.
• Don’t hesitate to clarify tasks you’re less familiar with.

Also Read: 5 Must-Have Job Skills You Need to Land on Your First Job

6. Cross-Training

Cross-training involves picking up skills from roles that aren’t yours. The aim is to create a versatile team where members can fill in for each other as needed.

How Does it Work?

• You temporarily swap tasks or responsibilities with a coworker.
• You learn enough to handle their role during busy periods or when they’re absent.
• The training might be short, focusing on specific workflows or tools.
• This approach makes your team more flexible and efficient.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Ask your coworker to show you their typical tasks step by step. Write down key points so you can revisit them later.
• Maintain notes, checklists, or brief recordings of the tasks you learn. That way, you’ll have a quick reference whenever you need to step in.

Also Read: The Importance of Skill Development: Techniques, Benefits, and Trends for 2025

7. Apprenticeships

Apprenticeships combine hands-on work with formal instruction. They’re structured programs where you might spend part of your week in training sessions and the rest applying those lessons on the job.

How Does it Work?

• You sign up for a set timeframe (often months or years).
• A mentor or supervisor tracks your growth, ensuring you master each skill.
• Classroom-style lessons cover theory, while on-site tasks build real-world experience.
• Often leads to certifications or qualifications.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Take detailed notes during both theory and practice.
• Ask about career paths and next steps after program completion.
• Keep an ongoing record of skills you’ve mastered.

8. Simulated / Sandbox Training

Simulated or sandbox training recreates work scenarios in a risk-free environment. You practice tasks without the worry of real-world mistakes causing major problems.

How Does it Work?

• Companies use mock setups or software simulations.
• You try out tasks as if they’re real, like running financial reports or handling virtual machines.
• Errors are spotted early, and you learn to correct them.
• When you’re confident, you apply these skills on the actual job.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Embrace mistakes here so you can avoid them in real tasks.
• Push yourself to try advanced features or situations in the simulated setup.
• Keep notes on how to fix common errors.

9. Task Delegation

Task delegation as a learning tool means you’re entrusted with tasks beyond your usual scope, so you pick up new skills on the go.

How Does it Work?

• A manager or senior colleague hands over a task that isn’t normally yours.
• You get quick guidance or a brief demo, then run with it.
• You might consult the person who assigned it if you need extra support.
• Once done, you report back or present results.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Ask about the objectives behind the delegated task.
• Make sure you note any new procedures you learn.
• Discuss outcomes afterwards and see how they align with team goals.

10. Stretch Assignments

Stretch assignments push you just beyond your comfort zone. You tackle projects that require skills you haven’t fully developed yet.

How Does it Work?

• Leaders identify tasks that are a notch above your current skill level.
• You receive enough support but still have to solve new problems independently.
• Deadlines are set to maintain a sense of responsibility.
• You usually present findings or outcomes to higher-ups.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Clarify the scope so you know exactly what’s expected.
• Use mentors or peers as sounding boards.
• Celebrate wins, no matter how small, to stay motivated.

11. Job Instruction Training (JIT)

Job Instruction Training breaks a task down into clear steps. A trainer demonstrates each step and then watches you practice until you’re confident.

How Does it Work?

• The trainer explains the task’s purpose and desired outcome.
• You see a demo, often multiple times.
• You replicate the steps under close supervision.
• Feedback is given immediately, ensuring you don’t pick up bad habits.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Pay attention to the details of each step.
• Ask why each step matters if it isn’t obvious.
• Practice until you can do it smoothly without supervision.

12. In-House Workshops & Seminars

In-house workshops and seminars focus on group learning. They blend presentations with hands-on breakout sessions, all led by internal experts or visiting professionals.

How Does it Work?

• A topic or skill set is chosen (e.g., advanced spreadsheet techniques).
• Employees gather for a structured session, often with slides or demos.
• Interactive exercises let you practice what you learn right away.
• Q&A and discussions add depth to the training.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Participate actively in group activities to make the learning stick.
• Connect with fellow attendees — peer support can continue after the session.
• Request materials or slides you can review later.

Also Read: Top 4 Education Trends Which are Transforming The Industry

13. Collaborative Team Projects

Collaborative projects let you learn by working side-by-side with teammates from different backgrounds. You tackle a shared goal, discovering new methods or tools along the way.

How Does it Work?

• A cross-functional team is formed to handle a project (e.g., a product launch).
• Each person contributes their area of expertise and learns from others.
• Regular team check-ins ensure you’re on track and sharing updates.
• Final deliverables often go live, so there’s real impact.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Make time for quick daily or weekly syncs to address roadblocks.
• Learn about tools or techniques your teammates use.

14. Understudy

Understudy training prepares you to step into a more senior role when a current senior person retires or moves on. You gain hands-on exposure to the responsibilities you’ll eventually inherit.

How Does it Work?

• You partner closely with the person currently holding that position.
• You learn job-critical tasks, decision-making processes, and day-to-day routines.
• Over time, you might take over certain tasks to prove readiness.
• This method often includes formal assessment periods.

Real-World Examples

Pro Tips to Make the Most of Your OJT Training:

• Clarify your timeline for when you’ll assume the role fully.
• Observe how the current role-holder handles high-pressure moments.
• Keep a record of key contacts, protocols, and processes so you can transition smoothly.

What Are the Benefits of OJT Training?

On-the-job training gives you a head start in real tasks that immediately impact your performance. When you learn skills directly on the office desk or factory line, you’re far more likely to remember and use them.  

Here are some key benefits of on-the-job training that you must know as an employee:

• Practical skill-building for career growth: You gain experience in real-life situations, which speeds up your progress and helps you master tools, machinery, or software. Learning more advanced tasks opens doors to promotions or better roles within the same organization.
• Immediate confidence boost: You see how each new skill raises your output, making you feel more secure in your role.
• Quicker feedback loops: You don’t have to wait for end-of-week reviews; supervisors can guide you the moment they spot an improvement area.
• Seamless blending of learning and work: You’re less likely to feel overwhelmed since training happens alongside your routine tasks.

Does this mean OJT training is a one-way benefit street just for employees? Absolutely not. Your company benefits from on-the-job training, too. Don’t believe us? Here are the benefits organizations reap when offering OJT training to their employees.  

• Faster onboarding: New hires settle in quicker because they learn by doing, cutting down on ramp-up time.
• Cost-effective approach: No pricey training venues, travel, or fancy materials — just training in a usual workspace.
• Higher productivity: Well-trained employees make fewer errors, handle tasks more efficiently, and contribute more to overall output.
• Better employee retention: When people feel they’re growing in their roles, they tend to stay longer.
• Fills skill gaps: Instead of hiring from outside, companies can upskill current staff, ensuring the right talent is always on board.

What are the Biggest Challenges of OJT Training? Tips to Overcome Them

Although on-the-job training can deliver real value, it comes with its own hurdles. Below are some of the most frequent challenges you might face as an employee who’s a part of OJT training, along with possible ways to tackle them.

1. Feeling Pressed for Time

Handling multiple tasks alongside your usual job role can be draining. It’s one of the biggest challenges that one faces during OJT training. 

Here are some solutions and suggestions on how you can tackle this issue:

• Ask for smaller learning segments: Request quick 15-minute sessions or bite-sized tasks you can knock out between regular duties.
• Prioritize key skills first: Talk with your supervisor or mentor to pinpoint the most urgent skills.
• Keep a simple schedule: Use a calendar or to-do app to stay on top of tasks and training.

2. Unclear Structure or Goals

Clarity is paramount during an on-the-job training session. With so much going around, things can get a bit messy. 

Here’s how you can ensure this doesn’t affect your learning curve:

• Request a checklist: If your workplace hasn’t provided a structured plan, politely ask for one so you know each step you need to master.
• Set personal milestones: Even if you don’t have an official timeline, break tasks into small targets you can track.
• Schedule regular check-ins: Ask for short reviews to gauge progress and clear up any confusion.

3. Trainer Lacks Teaching Skills

You can be only as good as the trainer teaching you new skills. If the trainer lacks teaching skills, things can get tough. 

Here’s how you can tackle this issue:

• Seek a second resource: If your assigned trainer isn’t great at explaining, look for a coworker who can fill the gaps.
• Suggest “show and tell”: Ask your trainer for real demos, not just verbal instructions.
• Use digital aids: Rely on quick tutorial videos or a shared knowledge base if face-to-face guidance isn’t enough.

4. Fear of Making Mistakes in Live Tasks

Fear is the biggest roadblock when it comes to confidently implementing new skills. Here are some simple solutions to overcome it:

• Start small: Suggest beginning with simpler parts of the task so you can get comfortable before tackling the tricky bits.
• Ask for spot checks: Invite your trainer to watch you briefly and correct small issues on the go.
• Keep an error log: Write down any mistakes and the fixes so you don’t repeat them.

5. Minimal or Late Feedback

One of the possible challenges that could slow down your learning speed is late feedback on the demo tasks and assignments you finish. 

To tackle this, here’s a list of suggestions that always work:

• Be proactive: Don’t wait for your trainer to come to you — ask for quick pointers when you finish or get stuck.
• Use a shared progress sheet: Mark off completed tasks so it’s visible to the trainer that you need feedback.
• Try peer reviews: If your main trainer is busy, ask a teammate to review your work and give a fresh perspective.

How is Technology Enhancing On-the-job Training?

Technology is turning on-the-job training into something more interactive and flexible. Instead of reading dense manuals, many employees use digital tools that deliver quick guidance or short tutorials while working. 

Here are the key ways in which tech is changing on-the-job training completely: 

• Microlearning Apps: Break down complex topics into bite-sized lessons that fit into short breaks or quiet moments at work.
• AR Tools: Use augmented reality to overlay digital information onto the real world (e.g., step-by-step instructions while looking at equipment), helping you learn without leaving your actual workspace.
• VR Simulations: Practice challenging or high-risk tasks in a fully virtual environment, reducing the chance of real-world accidents or errors through Virtual Reality technology.
• Digital Adoption Platforms: Get step-by-step pop-ups on the screen when trying new software or processes, saving time on guesswork.
• Online Knowledge Portals: Access documents, videos, and FAQs from a central hub so there’s always a reference point.
• Real-time Feedback Tools: Chatbots and AI-driven dashboards track progress, highlight gaps, and suggest next steps.
• Learning Management Systems (LMS): Track your progress, complete interactive modules, and review practice quizzes — all in one place.
• Sandbox (or “Mirror”) Environments: Test features or new tools in a copy of your work setting, so there’s no stress if something goes wrong.

With these tools, on-the-job training becomes less about memorizing procedures and more about learning by doing. The result is quicker skill development, fewer errors, and a stronger sense of readiness for any new challenge that comes along.

Also Read: Future of Augmented Reality: How AR Will Transform The Tech World

On-the-job Training Steps/Programs that Companies Follow

In case you were wondering that on-the-job training happens without any solid planning, here’s bursting that bubble: companies often set up clear plans and procedures to ensure on-the-job training runs smoothly. This helps them make the most of the time, effort, and resources they invest in employee development. 

Here’s a behind-the-scenes template that reveals how workplaces set OJT training into motion.

• Identifying Key Roles and Skills: A preliminary assessment is conducted to determine which roles require training and what specific skills need to be strengthened or introduced. This can involve reviewing job descriptions, analyzing performance data, and consulting department leads.
• Defining Training Objectives and Success Indicators: Clear objectives help measure whether the plan achieves its goals. Common indicators include the time it takes for a new hire to reach full productivity, error rates on specific tasks, and feedback scores from participants.
• Mapping Out Content and Methods: A training roadmap is drafted, specifying how learning will occur: mentoring, shadowing, or structured modules. Each method is matched with relevant tasks or projects to keep the training practical and closely tied to daily work.
• Choosing or Assigning Trainers: Employees who excel in a particular area may be designated to guide others. These individuals are often given brief instructions on how to present information and offer feedback to ensure consistency across the training program.
• Scheduling Training Activities: The organization defines a timeline — whether it’s a few days, several weeks, or an ongoing process. Tasks are divided into manageable segments so participants can learn incrementally without overwhelming their regular workload.
• Providing Resources and Support: Any necessary materials, documentation, or digital aids are made available. This can include checklists for new hires, reference guides for technical tasks, or access to a digital sandbox for hands-on practice without real-world risk.
• Monitoring Progress and Collecting Feedback: Frequent check-ins allow trainers and management to see where adjustments might be needed. Feedback forms, short quizzes, or brief discussions after training sessions help gauge whether the material is sinking in.
• Evaluating Outcomes and Refining the Plan: At key milestones, data is reviewed to see if the initial objectives were met. If certain methods or resources prove more effective than others, the company updates its approach, creating a continuous improvement loop.

What are the Differences Between On-the-job and Off-the-job Training?

Off-the-job training usually pulls you away from your daily tasks, placing you in a classroom or dedicated workshop. On-the-job training, on the other hand, keeps you in your usual workspace, learning new skills right where the action happens. 

Each method can be helpful in its own way. 

Here’s a quick comparison between the two types, stacked up against each other, so you can decide for yourself what’s better for you.

Also Read: 3 Practical Advantages of Online Education: Benefits of Taking Online Courses

Conclusion

On-the-job training can be a real game-changer when it comes to skill-building and personal growth. You’ve seen how it makes daily tasks more meaningful, helps you learn faster, and even opens new career doors. Whether you’re shadowing a seasoned coworker, using a digital sandbox, or simply suggesting a better training blueprint at work, there’s a lot to gain.

If you’re also looking to build credentials and gain more profound expertise, consider upGrad’s Data Science, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Marketing programs. Here are some of our courses that emphasize industry-relevant skills and certifications that can make you job-ready.

• Executive Diploma in Data Science & AI
• Business Analytics Certification
• Professional Certificate Program in  AI and Data Science
• Advanced Certificate Program in Generative AI 
• Executive Program in Generative AI for Leaders
• Advanced Certificate in Digital Marketing and Communication from MICA
• Master of Design in User Experience Design

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